Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Wellbeing and Social Care Essay We recognize with earnest thanks the numerous individuals who gave liberally of their opportunity to assist us with this work. We especially value the ability and guidance o? ered by Arnon Bentovim, Richard Velleman, Lorna Templeton, Carolyn Davies and Sheena Prentice. The work has been subsidized by the Department for Education and we thank sta? in the division, especially Jenny Gray who upheld us all through the work with her advantage and important remarks. The work was helped by a warning gathering whose participation was: Isabella Craig and Jenny Gray (Department for Education); Christine Humphrey (Department of Health) and Sian Rees (NICE); Arnon Bentovim (expert kid and youthful therapist at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Tavistock Clinic); Marian Brandon (peruser in social work, University of East Anglia); Carolyn Daviesâ (research guide, Institute of Education, University of London); Jo Fox (social work advisor, Child-Centered Practice); David Jones (specialist youngster and family specialist, Department of Psychiatry; University of Oxford); Sue McGaw (master in learning inabilities, Cornwall Partnership Trust); Sheena Prentice (expert birthing assistant in substance abuse, Nottingham City PCT); Wendy Rose (The Open University); Lorna Templeton (supervisor of the Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Research Program, University of Bath); and Richard Velleman (University of Bath and chief of advancement and examination, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust). Presentation This second version of Children’s Needs †Parenting Capacity gives a report on the effect of parental issues, for example, substance abuse, abusive behavior at home, learning handicap and psychological instability, on children’s government assistance. Examination, and specifically the biennial outline reports of genuine case surveys (Brandon et al 2008; 2009; 2010), have kept on accentuating the significance of understanding and following up on worries about children’s wellbeing and government assistance when living in family units where these sorts of parental issues are available. Very nearly seventy five percent of the youngsters in both this and the 2003-05 examination had been living with past or current aggressive behavior at home or potentially parental mental sick wellbeing or potentially substance abuse †frequently in blend. (Brandon et al 2010, p. 112) These worries were fundamentally the same as those that incited the ? rst release of this book, which was authorized after the development of these topics from the Department of Health’s program of kid insurance research examines (Department of Health 1995a). These investigations had shown that a significant level of parental psychological sickness, issue liquor and medication misuse and aggressive behavior at home were available in groups of kids who become engaged with the youngster insurance framework. Exploration setting The 2010 Government insights for England show that, as during the 1990s, just a little extent of kids alluded to children’s social consideration become the subject of a youngster assurance plan (Department for Education 2010b). Nonetheless, the kinds of parental issues laid out above are not con? ned to families where a kid is the subject of a youngster insurance plan (Brandon et al. 2008, 2009, 2010; Rose and Barnes 2008). In numerous families children’s wellbeing and advancement are being a? ected by the di? culties their folks are encountering. The ? ndings from research, notwithstanding, propose that administrations are not continually prospective. For all intents and purposes a fourth of referrals to children’s social consideration brought about no move being made (Cleaver and Walker with Meadows 2004). Master Laming’s progress report (2009) likewise communicated worries that referrals to children’s administrations from different experts didn't generally prompt an underlying evaluation and that ‘much all the more should be done to guarantee that the administrations are as e? ective as conceivable at cooperating to accomplish positive results for children’ (Lord Laming 2009, p. 9, section 1. 1). Practitioners’ dread of neglecting to distinguish a youngster needing insurance is additionally a factor driving up the quantities of referrals to children’s social consideration administrations which bring about no arrangement of help. ‘This is making a slanted framework that is giving such a great amount of consideration to recognizing instances of misuse 2 Children’s Needs †Parenting Capacity and disregard that it is emptying time and asset away out of families’ (Munro 2010, p. 6). Munro’s Interim Report (2011) attracts consideration by and by to the profoundly horrendous experience for youngsters and families who are brought into the Child Protection framework where abuse isn't discovered, which leaves them with a dread of requesting help later on. A ? nding which was identi? ed by prior examination on kid security (Cleaver and Freeman 1995). Proof from the 1995 youngster assurance research (Department of Health 1995a) demonstrated that when guardians have issues of their own, these may antagonistically a? ect their ability to react to the necessities of their kids. For instance, Cleaver and Freeman (1995) found in their investigation of suspected youngster misuse that in the greater part of the cases, families were encountering various issues including psychological sickness or learning incapacity, issue drinking and medication use, or abusive behavior at home. A comparative picture of the di? culties confronting families who have been alluded to children’s social consideration administrations rises up out of later exploration (Cleaver and Walker with Meadows 2004). It is evaluated that there are 120,000 families encountering various issues, including poor emotional wellness, liquor and medication abuse, and aggressive behavior at home. ‘Over 33% of these families have youngsters subject to kid security procedures’ (Munro 2011, p. 30, passage 2. 30). Children’s administrations have the undertaking of distinguishing youngsters who may require extra administrations so as to improve their prosperity as identifying with their: (a) physical and psychological well-being and enthusiastic prosperity; (b) security from mischief and disregard; (c) instruction, preparing and diversion; (d) the commitment made by them to society; and (e) social and monetary prosperity. (Area 10(2) of the Children Act 2004) The Common Assessment Framework (Children’s Workforce Development Council 2010) and the Assessment Framework (Department of Health et al. 2000) empower forefront experts working with youngsters to increase a comprehensive picture of the child’s world and distinguish all the more effectively the di? culties youngsters and families might be encountering. Despite the fact that examination proposes that social laborers (Cleaver et al. 2007) and wellbeing experts are prepared to perceive and react to signs that a kid is being, or is probably going to be, manhandled or ignored, there is less proof according to instructors and the police (Daniel et al. 2009). The identi? cation of children’s needs may have improved, yet seeing how parental psychological instability, learning incapacities, substance abuse and aggressive behavior at home a? ect youngsters families despite everything requires more consideration. For instance, a little inside and out examination discovered not exactly half (46%) of the supervisors in children’s social consideration, wellbeing and the police appraised as ‘good’ their comprehension of the effect on offspring of parental substance abuse, in spite of the fact that this rose to 61% according to the effect of abusive behavior at home (Cleaver et al. 2007). The requirement for all the more preparing on surveying the probability of mischief to offspring of parental medication and liquor abuse.

Deception Is An Important Theme English Literature Essay

Double dealing Is An Important Theme English Literature Essay Now and then double dealing can be unintended when the characters dont intend to lie, as in the play by Anton Chekhov, anyway in Henrik Ibsens play, the liar lies purposefully to ensure the one she adores. The underlying demonstration of trickiness is indicated when Nora bamboozles her better half and gets cash from Krogstad to spare Torvalds life. She at that point keeps deceiving him aiming to reimburse back the advance. Nora figures it her obligation to lie so as to ensure her better half anyway this makes her powerless as a champion to Krogstad who currently extorts her. This is a case of a sensational incongruity since the perusers and the greater part of the characters with the exception of Torvald, comprehend what Nora has truly done. In contrast to her, Ranevsky, the fundamental courageous woman of the Cherry Orchard doesnt trick others yet herself. Self-double dealing is a procedure of denying intelligent contentions and clear proof. Here the subjects of changing occasions and powerlessness to acknowledge change are investigated. Madame Ranevsky needs to look for asylum in her youth past from the give up on her current life, to recollect the past and overlook the present by declining to confront the truth. Subsequent to going through five years abroad, she returns to her dearest home. Anyway she begins crying at seeing [Her] nursery, [her] dear, wonderful nursery! she feels like a young lady. The nursery is a misnomer and it presents an exceptionally nostalgic climate, which raises horrible recollections of the passing of Madames child, which she can not deal with. She left Russia for Paris, to overlook the recollections of her spouses and children passings in any case. At the point when the opportunity arrives to sell the cherry plantation, Madam Ranevsky wouldn't like to comprehend the reality of the circumstance. She doesn't accept that she can lose the plantation as a result of the extravagance she used to live in, permitting herself everything and now she can not and wouldn't like to acknowledge the way that she needs to change that. The courageous woman understands that she has lead an off-base way of life, she trespassed and overspent, anyway she doesn't effectively change that. She accepts that everything will settle itself. Along these lines, Nora accepts that her demonstration of misdirection was accomplished for more noteworthy's benefit, since she was spurred by her spouses disease and needed to spare him thus she doesn't attempt to maintain a strategic distance from additional falsehoods and distortions. In actuality, she continues deluding Torvald, on little things, for example, eating macaroons and tiptoeing to tune in at his entryway, since she wants to cover reality from her better half to spare their marriage and this is the primary wellspring of the plot development. Torvald consequently hoodwinks Nora by causing her to accept he cherishes her, he even says Do you know Nora, regularly I wish some horrendous risk would undermine you, with the goal that I could offer my life and my blood, everything for the good of you. Truly he organizes his notoriety before her and just sees her as his property. He just fantasizes about how impeccable their life is, which is another case of self-misleading. Plainly their whole relationship is based upon untruths and double dealing. Nora urges her youngsters to deceive Torvald when she says Dont converse with anybody about the peculiar respectable man. You hear? Not even to Daddy. By doing that she forfeits her childrens blamelessness. Like Torvald, Madam Ranevsky will in general form a fence around herself by overlooking her feelings to make an upbeat world for herself. At the point when she returns home, she is fretful, she says I cannot sit still! I cannot do it! [Jumping up and strolling about in extraordinary agitation.] This joy is beyond what I can hold up under. Snicker at me! I am a moron! My sweetheart old cabinet! [Caressing a table.] My dear minimal table! . This makes her character absurd and from her kissing the cabinets and her response over her associates passings, we comprehend that she can't deal with anything genuine. As referenced previously, France was a position of asylum for Madame Ranevsky when she expected to get away and since one of the most troublesome phases of her life is over she doesn't appear to acknowledge Paris. When she has returned to Russia she attempts to overlook her life there in light of the fact that her sweetheart undermined her and she is down and out. Albeit later on she escapes from Paris to Russia. At the point when she gets two messages from that point she quickly destroys them without perusing, and says They are from Paris. Ive finished with Paris. Anyway when she returns to Russia, we see that she still hasnt overlooked her past in Paris, her unfaithful darling and the demise of her youngster. Later on in the play, when she converses with Gayef she out of nowhere shouts Look! Theres mamma strolling in the orchard㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ in a white dress. There she is! Something about Madame Ranevsky daydreaming shows how disengaged she is from the real world. Additionally, t he structure and orientation of the pipedream uncover the idea of her separation. She looks for shelter from quite a while ago, her guiltless adolescence, and for her, the plantation is an image of her past-the way that she fantasizes her mom in the plantation shows how separated she is from the real world, affirming what she looks for. In a Dolls House, trust in opportunity and autonomy persuades Nora to continue lying and deluding since we generally will in general need whatever we cannot get. Anyway she isnt the main character who lies and goes behind the rear of her friends and family. Dr. Rank who is a family companion shrouds his actual affections for Nora from both Torvald and his better half. The main explanation Nora really gets some answers concerning how he genuinely feels, is the point at which she attempts to look for his assistance and she figures out how to see underneath the surface to his heart. This is the means by which she discovers that he is furtively infatuated with her. Then again Dr. Rank is by all accounts circumspect and the main explanation he misdirects the two his companions is on the grounds that he attempts to be a steadfast companion to Torvald. He is making a decent attempt to be steadfast and yet he can not avoid Nora. Additionally he figures out how to uncover Noras enthusiastic adolescence and reluctance to abuse social shows. Along these lines we cannot make certain of whether his trickiness is deliberate or not. Torvald, despite the fact that it appears as though he was the one misdirected by the two his significant other and his companion, can be viewed as the one generally blameworthy of the wrongdoing. All through the entire play, we perceive how he has deluded Nora into accepting that their marriage is great, while in actuality it was only his dream. The most significant thing for him was to have the option to keep up a legitimate appearance of balance and fittingness in light of the fact that the general public he was raised in is exceptionally critical and biased. Like Ibsen, Chekhov presents a character who is likewise extremely worried about looks and appearances. Lopakhin, an ex-laborer who is currently a well off neighbor converses with the house keeper worker, Dunyasha. In spite of the fact that he delights in his own financial circumstance, simultaneously, he reprimands Dunyasha, by saying You are excessively refined, Dunyasha, that is the thing that it is. You dress yourself like a youngster, and take a gander at your hair! You should not to do it, you should recall your place. He says that she is still of a low social standing. He is scolding her and advising her not to act like a woman, reminding her she is just the house cleaner. This scene causes pressure since there is this division as he isn't exactly alright with the new changes since he himself originated from a worker foundation. He nearly repudiates what he is stating, which is another evident case of self-double dealing. Taking everything into account, we see that trickery is a significant topic since its the fundamental driver for characters to lose feeling of the real world and its additionally an impetus of the peak. Toward the finish of A Dolls House, Nora at long last turns out to be increasingly mindful of how dazzle she was and leaves her family to look for opportunity and autonomy. Torvald then again even toward the finish of the play, is as yet given to a hallucination, a picture of something that was never truly there. Toward the finish of The Cherry Orchard, Madame Ranevsky loses every one of her assets along with the plantation and returns to Paris, abandoning everything that she thought she trusted in. From this we realize, that duplicity is regularly activated by the acknowledgment or dissatisfaction with others in the public arena, since we will in general consideration a lot about what every other person thinks and accordingly attempt to mix in.

5 Team-Building Activities Your Employees Wont Hate

5 Team-Building Activities Your Employees Won’t Hate Working from day to day, from year to year, with the same people can bring a harmonious homey feeling of familiarity at work, but it can also create tension.Engaging workers in activities that at the same time relieve them of stress and bond them can be not only advisable but a must in some types of work.Having a drink after work can cut the edge off a long working day, but experiencing something that will stay a memory connects people on a next level and instead of a mere group, creates a team.But that doesn’t mean that work should become a friendly gathering, right?In most situations it’s not the best idea to bring out Chutes and Ladders as a team activity… just as experience can enhance the prosperity of the team, it can impair it too.Hence, it’s best to choose some activities that aren’t very likely to result with any kind of displeasure.ADRENALINE RUSH AS A WAY OF FORMING A CONNECTIONAs they say, when all are in the same boat, there are no wishes, fights, or even perso nalities or names, just one goal that everyone shares, and that, therefore, connects them outside of any other circumstances.This pattern was found out to be very useful on the grounds of teamwork and can be turned into an amazing spectrum of group activities.There is a number of research that proves that activities which involve increased adrenaline production in all of the participants make a kind of an invisible, but really chemical, bond between these participants.This is why going to see a horror film in the cinema can be a good idea for a first date or why a group of strangers thrown in an unexpected dangerous situation upon the end of it is most likely to feel very close and even stay friends (this is also the reason to why there are so many movies based on this plot).Everyone has their sphere of interests and not everyone is an extreme sports junkie, but this effect of connection through adrenaline can be achieved through various kinds of, more or less intense, activities.Fr om organizing one night in a month for a psychological thriller or a horror movie to going camping or even skydiving…A lot of things can make a tremendous impact on the psychological connection of the invisible web that makes the group and fundamentally correlates with the groups performance.Naturally, it is hard to find an option that will appeal to everyone, but one option that includes all the aforementioned advantages and is usually very enjoyable because it’s more fun and playful than scary and strenuous is paintball.Paintball is an embodiment of teamwork, fun, adrenaline, positive stress and, at the same time, childs play and strategy â€" both individual and group strategy.Its a colorful battle of not bullets, but rainbows that lights up both the grownup and the childlike side in us, and when these two are in balance, we are at ease, as happy and as ready to work as ever.Using adrenaline boost as a group activity can also have a downside of bringing out the animalistic sid e of our behavior to surface which can lead to problems in coworker’s liaisons and the counter-effect of the whole idea.Therefore, it is not advisable to choose these types of occupations as regular ones, except, of course, if they turn out to be a suitable way of group bonding and summing up everything that the group needs from a shared activity with colleagues that, on them, doesn’t leave the same effect as work, but veraciously affects work afterwards.The core question to this topic still remains:Why is it fun to be frightened? Answers circulate between the strengthening that comes after fear, the simple collective sharing of one same feeling regardless of anything else at that moment.For example, imagine having a huge fight with a friend in a forest and all of a sudden seeing a bear â€" the past moment will automatically disappear and the only thing left will be to save your own lives.Of course, some irrevocable laws that our nature as humans consists of are also a big part of us experiencing fear as somewhat pleasant.The answer isn’t simple and that’s the reason why, for better understanding of this matter, there is more research on it than an article can cover.ART AS A CREATIVE OUTFLOW AND A CIRCULATION OF IDEASThere are types of work where creative stimulation can actually lead to a downfall of overall performance if the work itself does not involve any creative thinking and has only focus and mere manufacturing as its main requirement.In this situation, developing creativity in workers can end with them gazing or dazing off, or even growing to find the job unbearable and quitting.But in any type of work that has to do with creative expression, including a painting class as an off-work activity can be a good idea.Depending on the type and style of work, attuning the creative form with the type of work is a multi-productive solution.For instance, if the work has anything to with writing, even communicating through written forms with associates, a class of creative writing, or a book club can provide pleasure as well as performance improvement.Again, it would be ideal to find something that correlates with everyone, or at least most of the team, so as to even make it a tradition, which gives the employees and the whole atmosphere at work another, we could say, familiar color that transforms work from obligation to enjoyment and even mere completing tasks to an utter devotion.The afore-mentioned possible activity from the first paragraph, camping, can be combined with creative energy, the ones who are fond of music can share their passion with others by playing the guitar, others can tell a campfire story or draw postcards.There shouldn’t be a pressure of having to do something, but the best way is to bring this activism culture to work as a natural, but an optional thing.The good side of creative work is that there are hardly any downsides to it or negative outcomes.If a couple of people embrace the idea and engage in some kind of creative work, and especially when they share this energy with others, the rest will most likely just follow and the flow of happiness and bliss created through creativity will overlay the future of collective work for the participants.Another interesting way of direct and psychological bonding of people who work together is to collectively decorate the working space.This can lead to some conflicts so a clever way to use this is to leave it for the time when people in the team connect.People usually take some time to learn to accept each other, and grow to even like each other; at this point organizing a collective makeover of workspace makes for an exciting experience, both a big prize for the team’s performance and a chance to get even closer together.All these solutions have described end results that point the picture of work-life something almost… like a family.But, thinking about it, the biggest and the most successful companies and organizations in the world func tion like that.Too many people are in the same place and somehow they should almost function like an organism to work the best they can, or in other words, to make the company work the best it can.This cant be achieved without a lot of stress, energy, sweat, and toleration invested.That is why it is so important for these kinds of organizations to have a pool, a gym, a pool table and other solutions that most people see as a waste of money, but without these activities, it is sure that the people there wouldn’t be able to perform on such a high level.Of course, it is perfectly expected for workers to have alone time and that it is better for them not to one with a colleague and their work life, but developing enjoyable activities on a level of the group and delivering them at least monthly, or sometimes even yearly, can, without doubt, mean a huge success.The important undeniable fact here is that free creative flow of ideas and productivity in any form improves quality and style of work, and makes people better and feel better which again, itself, improves performance.This can be, depending on the sphere of interests, from playing video games to becoming a part of a local art studio or a workshop. Even cooking together. Source: slideshare.netPUZZLES AND THE CASE OF COLLECTIVE SOLVINGAgain, being trapped in a situation with one goal for all the participants unites them in a quest of resolving the problem of any kind that has to matter to the group in some way, of course.One of probably the easiest and most interesting ways of doing this is through puzzles or any kind of games that involve collective solving.Two heads think better than one, they say.Well, imagine if 10 or more heads brainstormed their way through the revenue build up in your company.How can you engage them in such an activity?Simulate it with games.Games are an important part of human behavior and learning. Not just that, but they can help boost intelligence in youngsters and it certainly cant hurt to engage your employees in such an activity.Even if it doesnt develop intelligence, it can help keep the mind in shape and we all know how much that matters for any kind of business really.Whether its a puzzle game, an elementary maze thin g or a more modern version of it such as escape rooms are, games can have a positive impact on the teamwork in your company.Its not just that they enhance your employees cognitive capacities, but they also give a good opportunity for the employees to get to know each other.Its not just the character of the person, but the temperament as well that matters when cooperating.If you know how they react in different situations, it will be that much easier for you to plan your strategy in both business and gaming.You will know when you can rely on your colleagues and when will your time to take the lead be.We all have different talents and we shine in different opportunities so its best to know both the advantages and disadvantages or, in other words, both the virtues and flaws of your colleagues so that you may find the best way to account for them and prepare your tactics to produce the optimal result of your collective engagement.Games in themselves are simply simulations of existential experience and through those simulations, we bond and we learn.We learn about ourselves as well as about the afore-mentioned existential experience which a fancy way of saying we learn about life.So its not just working experience that matters, but a team-building and gaming experience as well.Maybe they should put that in CVs, huh? CO-OP VIDEO GAMESAlthough competition is a good way to spark the spirits, it can also create tension between your colleagues, so it may we wise to focus on cooperation rather than competition.If your employees are too eager to compete, you can always set them up against the other departments or even other companys employees.That way you create an interesting flux between businesses which can have a positive impact on… everything?Theres a bunch of video games these days designed to teach the players the subtle art of working together to achieve a goal. Instead of setting the players one against the other, these games pose a logical problem that players should work together to overcome.If there is such a thing as a personified enemy instead of a problem, the cooperation games usually antagonize the AI which is a good way to focus the more aggressive and negative discharges of your employees energy. A good example of this would be the Valve Corporations Left 4 Dead.In this shooting game, you get a chance to release that negativity discharge in the midst of the zombie apocalypse where you and your small team of 4 must survive the hordes of zombies and work together to find your way through an apocalypse-desolated world.It not only gives a chance to use all that rage your employees may have suppressed over the course of time, but it also gives them that adrenaline rush that weve already established is important for social bonding.The game is downright scary and its often that your colleagues will have to literally save you from being pinned down by a zombie or such.Needless to say, that will develop some gratitude between your collea gues.The fact that its just a game doesnt matter much because once the emotion is created, even if its simulated, it persists.Use your Xboxes, Playstations, PCs, and whatnot wisely then. Either take your team gaming every once in a while or purchase a couple of game consoles for your workplace.Its a big trend for the leading companies to have game and recreation rooms for their workers to relax. Its a smart thing too, I mean, were not in the 18th-century industrialization surge anymore. Just sitting for 8 hours and staring at your screen is downright dull and stupid so consider upgrading.If your company doesnt yet have the means to provide a recreation room or a few consoles, dont despair. Keep reading.GROUP SPORTS â€" CONSTRUCTIVE OUTFLOW OF ENERGYAn old times golden way of spending time together sports.Much like all the previous team-building activities, sports engage you fully, both mentally and physically.It may be the best team-building activity yet as it engages you in logica l and problem-solving thinking, but it also develops cooperation, teamwork, lateral thinking. It gives you that adrenaline rush for sure.To top the afore-mentioned activities, sports keep your body in a fine-tune which helps release the happy hormone/neurotransmitter dopamine.Thats why we can freely say that sports may be the most complete and one of the oldest team-building activities ever. Source: dsr.wa.gov.auA good old game of basketball, soccer or volleyball (especially if its on the beach) can have an amazing effect and give your colleagues a chance to get to know each other outside of the office.If your colleagues are into something more extreme, you can go on a group sky diving.To spice things up, instead of just playing in the confines of your companys team, you can apply to tournaments and bid your team against other teams.That way, as has been discussed, you reap the fruits of both cooperation and competition urges that we all have buried deep in our primal legacy.Just be careful to articulate the energy flow towards positivity as sometimes sports can get our infantile sides to rampage all over.Losers may be sore and such so its best to keep things fun and control how competitive your employees are. Teach them the importance of playing, not just the importance of winning.Although you would probably never think it, individual sports like skiing, windsurfing, te nnis, ice skating or cycling can be team-building activities as well.Unlike team sports, individual sports will give the employees their much-needed self-space, but they will also allow them to engage in activities together and root for each other which teaches them to support each other in the office too.Individual lessons of sports are an immeasurable experience for every single one of us.By facing the obstacles and the need to expand our own boundaries in order to overcome them, we grow and as we grow, we inspire others to do so as well, so in essence, almost everything can be a team-building activity when you think of it that way.As far as sports are concerned, not all of us are experienced in all kinds of sports so at least one of your employees is bound to try something new and learn something new every time you switch between sports.That way you ensure for all to have memorable experiences which will result in emotional bonding with those who shared that experience with him o r her.CONCLUSIONFrom this spectrum overall, activities can and will always change regarding the change of time and space and circumstances.Establishing a kind of tradition or a style of teaming and working can be set and used as a help and as a way of functioning as a firm, as a one, unified, collective working consciousness.But also, we spend a big part of our lives working so making this collective part of our days a pleasant experience is not just a favor to the boss or the creative path to personal bigger success, but a contribution to our general wellbeing.Enthusiasm, excitement, emotion, and honest motivation are contagious and if they are present and enforced by the leader of the team, they won’t let down the rest of the team, and this is really the only and the best recipe that applies to any and every kind of activities.Thats why, whether youre a boss, a manager, or an employee at the junior position, you should always value team building activities proposed by your coll eagues and never miss out.Even if youre just eager to produce revenue and you dont much care about anything else, you should consider engaging in teamwork and the best way to stay in tune with your team is through team-building.Theres a reason it’s so popular these days and that the leading companies and managers insist on team-building.Other than management reasons, you must admit, its simply fun to do it, so why would you think about it so much. Just relax and enjoy the ride.

Can You Drink Too Much Green Tea

Green tea is a healthful beverage, rich in antioxidants and nutrients, yet its possible to suffer negative health effects from drinking too much. Heres a look at the chemicals in green tea that can cause harm and how much green tea is too much. Adverse Effects From Chemicals in Green Tea The compounds in green tea responsible for most negative health effects are caffeine, the element fluorine, and flavonoids. The combination of these and other chemicals may cause liver damage in some persons or if you drink a lot of tea. Tannins in green tea reduce the absorption of folic acid, a B vitamin that is particularly important during fetal development. Also, green tea interacts with several medications, so its important to know whether or not you can drink it if you take prescription or over the counter drugs. Caution is advised if you take other stimulants or anticoagulants. Caffeine in Green Tea The amount of caffeine in a cup of green tea depends on the brand and how it is brewed but is around 35 mg per cup. Caffeine is a stimulant, so it increases heart rate and blood pressure, acts as a diuretic, and increases alertness. Too much caffeine, whether from tea, coffee, or another source, can lead to rapid heartbeat, insomnia, and tremors, to stimulant psychosis or even death. Most people can tolerate 200-300 mg of caffeine. According to WebMD, the lethal dose of caffeine for adults is 150-200 mg per kilogram, with serious toxicity possible at lower doses.  Excessive consumption of tea or any caffeinated beverage can be extremely dangerous. Fluorine in Green Tea Tea is naturally high in the element fluorine. Drinking too much green tea can contribute unhealthy levels of fluorine to the diet. The effect is particularly pronounced if the tea is brewed with fluoridated drinking water. Too much fluorine can lead to developmental delays, bone disease, dental fluorosis, and other negative effects.   Flavonoids in Green Tea Flavonoids are potent antioxidants that help protect cells from free radical damage. However, flavonoids also bind nonheme iron. Drinking too much green tea limits the bodys ability to absorb essential iron. This can lead to anemia or a bleeding disorder. According to the Linus Pauling Foundation, routinely drinking green tea with meals can reduce iron absorption by 70%. Drinking tea between meals rather than with food helps to reduce this effect. How Much Green Tea Is Too Much? The answer to this question depends on your personal biochemistry. Most experts advise against drinking more than five cups of green tea per day. Pregnant and nursing women may wish to limit green tea to no more than two cups per day. For most people, the benefits of drinking green tea outweigh the risks, but if you drink too much green tea, are sensitive to caffeine, suffer anemia, or take certain medications, you may experience serious negative health effects. Just as its possible to die from drinking too much water, its possible to drink a lethal volume of green tea. However, caffeine overdose would be the primary risk. References Fluorine Safety References, Purdue University Department of Chemistry (retrieved 03/01/2015)WebMD Green Tea Side Effects (retrieved 03/01/2015)Linus Pauling Foundation, Oregon State University

Essay on Euthanasia in the United States - 1214 Words

Euthanasia in the United States The frail woman lay on her bed, chatting quietly with her grandchild. They had spent the day talking about unicorns, Cinderella, and the olden days. As they conversed, the womans daughter looked on. She nodded to the doctor, and by the end of the evening the joyful spirit of old woman was gone. Euthanasia is a practice that has become more common than realized in the United States. Various states in the Union have tried to legalize euthanasia within the past few years. Those states include Colorado, Florida, Maine, Michigan, New York, Washington, California and Oregon. North Carolina, Utah and Wyoming do not necessarily ban physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is criminalized in the remaining states†¦show more content†¦A Right to Life lawyer named Annette Patterson said: Its becoming the abortion issue of the next century and just as nasty. Yet it is even more important because how we die concerns everyone (Johnson 31). There is a strong element of truth in this statemen t. Even though a miniscule percentage of people would ever request assistance in dying, to legalize controlled euthanasia would create a wide doorway for open and uncontrolled physician-assisted suicide (Meier 37). Oregons Death with Dignity law, effective since November 4, 1997, did exactly that (Oregon 41). God wants the sanctity of life to be upheld at every cost, no matter the circumstances surrounding the issue. In our modern world, people only think of themselves and their own selfish desires, not necessarily for the good of anothers life. To love someone is to help that person improve the condition of life, not destroy it because it was a personal choice. In Matthew 24:12, it states that And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold (Matthew). America has become as selfish nation that harbors sin, and is therefore looking for a way to eliminate those who need her help the most. The Death with Dignity law is based off Netherlands laws on euthanasia enfo rcement and regulations (Oregon 52). It is now the basis for many stateside proposals, such as Californias, on euthanasia (Johnson 33). It has several requirements, such as a waiting timeShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia in the United States2720 Words   |  11 PagesEuthanasia for the Elderly in the United States Hannah Pate An issue facing much of today’s elderly and terminally ill populations is that of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Several countries, most notably the Netherlands, has legalized euthanasia and physician assisted suicide leading to what is now referred to as â€Å"death tourism†. People from across the world are traveling to place with legalized euthanasia, like the Netherlands, in order to end their lives through assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia Is The United States Of America861 Words   |  4 PagesDictionary, euthanasia is ‘the act or practice of killing someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering.’ Understandably, one suffering from a terminal illness such as AIDS, cancer, or Alzheimer’s, may think it best to put an end to their agony as soon as possible. Although it can be argued that there may be good intentions in carrying out this â€Å"mercy killing†, they do not change the fact that euth anasia is murder and should remain illegal in the United States of AmericaRead MoreA Brief Note On Euthanasia And The United States882 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Euthanasia in the U.S. Euthanasia is the act or practice, killing of permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy killing. Far more controversial, active euthanasia involves causing the death of a person through a direct action. In response to a request from the person. Euthanasia itself been around for as long as the history of medicine. This euthanasia is enormous and have long history in the United States. This soRead MoreDeath Of The United States Should Legalize Active Voluntary Euthanasia1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe democracy of the United States should legalize active voluntary euthanasia (AVE), active non-voluntary euthanasia (NVAE), and physician-assisted suicide/death (PAS/PAD), in cases where the patient has a terminal illness, unbearable pain, or are in a vegetative state with no chance of being revived. AVE is defined as â€Å"the intentional and painless ‘mercy driven’ termination of a consenting rational person’s life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  NVAE is conjugately defined as â€Å"the termination of an incompetent individual s existenceRead MoreEuthanasia Should Be Legalized And The United States As A Last Resort For The Terminally Ill1760 Words   |  8 Pagesthem, which is considered Euthanasia. The practice of Euthanasia should be legalized and provided in the United States as a last resort for the terminally-ill. Euthanasia debates originate all the way from the perspectives and condemnation by Christians in the Roman Empire. The word euthanasia comes â€Å"from the Greek words eu, meaning good, and thanatos, meaning death† (McDougall 148). The different types of Euthanasia explain the action taking place such as passive Euthanasia, â€Å"to end a person lifeRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1220 Words   |  5 Pagesincurable patients, it is rarely known that Euthanasia, a termination of one’s life with his/her self-willingness, is a release of permanent pain. On the other hand, it is committed by the doctors. Among Voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary Euthanasia, only is Voluntary Euthanasia being universally concerned by human beings. Various fascinating facts, Australia has already approved this act and many people from other countries have also committed Euthanasia. Regarding this topic, people have beenRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?907 Words   |  4 Pagesreference for the ethical standards that medical practitioners follow in the United States. One statement seen in the oath is that â€Å"[a physician] will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel†(â€Å"The Hippocratic Oath†), directly refuting the morality of voluntary active euthanasia, which is a highly contentious issue in the United States. Voluntary active euthanasia is currently illegal in the United States. However, I believe that patients with terminal illnesses experiencingRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized? Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintaining existence without regard for its condition is a degradation of the meaning of life, not a promotion of it (Cockeram 33) .† Many adults perceive euthanasia as a murderous act that involves cruel and unusual pain; when in fact, it is usually a method that helps the individual reach their demise in a less miserable manor. Immigrants to the United States are incl ined to become a citizen, not for the beautiful geography, but because the U.S. is one of the few countries that gives everyone freedom establishedRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1039 Words   |  5 Pagesnow, and why is he not offered the option of euthanasia? Because of these reasons: it is illegal in 49 of the states of the United States, except Oregon, since 1828, when the first known anti-euthanasia law was passed in the state of New York. In Oregon, the law states that once a terminally ill adult requests euthanasia, two physicians must agree that the patient is sane and has less than six months to live. Euthanasia is illegal because the United States is based on puritan beliefs that dictate thatRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Painless Killing Of Someone1408 Words   |  6 Pageswithout pain? Euthanasia is the painless killing of someone that is suffering from a disease or something that is incurable. â€Å"The concept of dying with one’s personhood intact is o ften referred to as a â€Å"Socratic death.† In today’s parlance, it is often called â€Å"dying with dignity† (â€Å"Dying with Dignity† 1996; Solovy 1999)† (Patel 38). In Greek, euthanasia literally means a good death. There are also many different versions of euthanasia. The one that is legal in the United States is physician aid

The World’s Surprising Economic Superpower Free Essays

The annual Fortune 500 rankings have become an iconic measure of corporate influence in the U. S. business world. We will write a custom essay sample on The World’s Surprising Economic Superpower or any similar topic only for you Order Now But just as major league baseball’s World Series stacks the deck in favor of U. S. baseball teams, the Fortune 500 is limited to U. S. companies. And just as the United States failed to end up at the top in this year’s (genuinely global) World Baseball Classic, the relative position of U. S. companies changes once you step onto the global playing field. The United States still dominates the Fortune Global 500 with 140 U. S companies, its 30% share equaling roughly the United States’ share of the global economy. That’s twice as many as its nearest competitor, Japan, with 68 companies on the list. But U. S. dominance is clearly eroding. Most notably, a U. S. company is no longer at #1, with Royal Dutch Shell displacing U. S. -based Wal-Mart as the world’s largest company with revenues of $458 billion. That’s the first time a non-U. S. company has been at the head of the list since 1996. The 140 U. S. companies that did make the list combine for the lowest number since Fortune magazine began compiling the list in 1995. Recall that 2008 was particularly unkind to the United States. Within the span of a remarkable 12 months, household names like AIG, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Wachovia, and Washington Mutual all disappeared from the list. The Fortune Global 500: BRICs Rising? The inevitable rise of the BRIC economies — Brazil, Russia, India and China — is now taken as holy writ among the U. S. business press. With the BRIC countries now boasting more than a quarter of the world’s land area and more than 40% of the world’s population, it’s now considered inevitable that, in terms of size, speed, and directional flow, the transfer of global wealth and economic power is shifting from West to East. While it’s true that the BRICs offer some of the best investment opportunities, in terms of companies on the Fortune Global 500, the dominance of the BRICs is still far from today’s reality. The BRICs account for 58 companies among the Fortune Global 500. China stands head and shoulders above its rivals, with 37 companies on the list — a gain of nine companies from only a year ago. India has seven companies on the list, while Brazil has six and Russia has eight among the top 500. As pundit David Rothkopf observed, â€Å"Without China, the BRICs are ust the BRI — a bland, soft cheese that is primarily known for the wine that goes with it. † That said, even the Chinese companies on the list are hardly world beaters. Most are state-owned behemoths — not known for savvy or innovation. China’s second-biggest company is the creatively named â€Å"State Grid,† which ranks (a shocking) #15 in the world. And in 2009, you can still win be ts at almost any U. S. bar by betting someone that she can’t name a Chinese brand. Most of the Chinese companies on the list are like a 7†² 5†³ basketball player who can barely dribble the ball. Sure, it’s hard to ignore that he is an intimidating presence on the basketball court. But that doesn’t mean that you’d want to put him on your All-Star team. And it’s hard not to notice that the largest BRIC companies outside of China are largely based on natural resources — that is, â€Å"trust fund† countries pumping wealth from the ground. Take away the oil and steel industries, and Russia, India and Brazil all suddenly rank alongside Denmark, Austria, Ireland and Finland, with two Fortune Global 500 companies each. In terms of heft, the BRICs are still distinctively minor league. Brazil has one company in the top 100, Russia has two, India has zero, and China has five, totaling eight companies from the BRIC countries in the top 100. By this measure, the combined BRICs beat Britain alone — but not France. The Fortune Global 500: The World’s Surprising Economic Superpower? With all eyes looking toward the inevitable rise of the BRICs, it’s easy to spurn â€Å"Old Europe† as a global economic force. I’m guilty of it and I’ve spent my entire adult life here. There may be a handful of contrarians willing to say that China may not be all that it’s cracked up to be. But in over 15 years of active investment reading, I can recall only a single book that ever viewed Europe’s prospects in a positive light. Taken together, Europe’s economy is not only bigger than the U. S. economy, but its companies also rival the United States for corporate oomph. The economy of Germany, with a population of 80 million people, is the size of China’s, and it both exports more and boasts more companies among the Fortune 500 than its Asian rival (39). Throw in France (40), the United Kingdom (26), Switzerland (15), the Netherlands (12), and Spain (12), and the top six European economies boast an impressive 155 companies among the Fortune Global 500. Not bad for a combined population of 266 million — substantially less than the United States. Include the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Norway and Denmark (combined population 19 million) landing nine companies on the list, and you skew the list even further in Europe’s favor. And unlike the BRICs, the European companies are distinctly top-heavy. Germany has 15 companies in the top 100, France, 10; Britain, six; Italy, five; Spain, three; and Netherlands, two, for a total of 41. That far outpaces the United States’ collective 27 companies on the list of the world’s 100 largest. The Fortune Global 500: A Welcome Correction Parsing the Fortune Global 500 rankings offers an important correction to what you hear in the mainstream business press. First, on a country level, U. S companies still dominate the global economy. And Japan, for all of its widely publicized problems, is still a powerful economic force. Second, China plays a much smaller role in the real world than it does in your email inbox. Third, and perhaps most surprisingly, taken together, the European companies outrank the United States — both in the top 100 and top 500 of the Fortune Global 500. Think of Europe as a single country and you suddenly realize that it trounced both the United States and China in the Beijing Olympics. And it wasn’t even close. Yet, consider how likely it would be that you’d ever subscribe to an investment newsletter that focused solely on investment opportunities in Europe. The broader lesson is that distinctions on national lines are increasingly irrelevant. A good example is Arcelor Mittal, the world’s largest steel-maker, which grew its revenues faster than Google did over the past five years. Arcelor Mittal is technically a Luxembourg-based company, run by an Indian, who lives in London. And I’d be surprised if you even knew (or cared) that the world’s #1 company, Royal Dutch Shell, is actually based in the Netherlands. For true multinationals, country of origin is so yesterday. And that’s the way it should be for you in looking at your investments. How to cite The World’s Surprising Economic Superpower, Papers

Successful Life free essay sample

Being 16 in todays world is a whole lot harder than it probably was 10 or so years ago because many teens struggle with academics or a social life. Life can be like a rainbow you can live a successful life with a pot of gold, a house, cars, and fancy clothing, or you can live life at the other side of the rainbow at the bottom visualizing a fantasy. Personally, I dont measure success by the money; I measure it as to how I have gotten to reach success and the quality of the success. The majority of people who have reached success dont realize that there is more to success than money. For example, the journey to reach success matters the most because you meet people and experience things that mold you into someone with character. My Grandfather is a perfect example of success, because although he has Alzheimers he doesnt let that stop him from bringing joy and positivity to those around him. We will write a custom essay sample on Successful Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every time Im with him I can tell hes happy even though hes not rich because he doesnt measure success by money he has showed me that character is what makes the person successful. Nowadays character cannot really be found in people who have reached success , because they are so overwhelmed with money that they forget who they are on the inside. You can tell the difference between people who have character than the ones who dont because people with character tend to stay true to their roots and they are the kind of people who stay humble even with the money. The experiences along the road to success are something else that I take into account when I measure success. People in our society right now prefer to measure the success of life by how long you live and the money instead people should measure life by the quality of those years and how good those years were. You can play it safe, live to 100 plus years and do nothing your whole life and then what? Do you feel accomplished? Do you feel successful? The experiences along the way the road to success make the success seem rewarding in the end , because after facing all the noise and adversity you finally reach your goal all the success actually feels rewarding because of the experiences. Success cannot be measured by money because you are the judge of your own success and how you have reached success and the quality of the success determines whether you are successful or not. In 30 years I will look back on my life and I will ask myself a question that experiences, people, and character are take into consideration.

Epilepsy Essays (857 words) - Seizure Types, Epilepsy,

Epilepsy Epilepsy - The Silent Stalker By Steven Voskanian What is Epilepsy? Epilepsy, also called seizure disorder, chronic brain disorder that briefly interrupts the normal electrical activity of the brain to cause seizures, characterized by a variety of symptoms including uncontrolled movements of the body, disorientation or confusion, sudden fear, or loss of consciousness. Epilepsy may result from a head injury, stroke, brain tumor, lead poisoning, genetic conditions, or severe infections like meningitis or encephalitis. In over 70 percent of cases no cause for epilepsy were identified. About 1 percent of the world population, or over 2 million people, are diagnosed with epilepsy. How this shocking and loathsome disorder is detected. In persons suffering from epilepsy, the brain waves, electrical activity in the part of the brain called the cerebral cortex, have a characteristically abnormal rhythm produced by excessive electrical discharges in the nerve cells. Because these wave patterns differ markedly according to their specific source, a recording of the brain waves, known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) is important in the diagnosis and study of the disorder. Diagnosis also requires a thorough medical history describing seizure characteristics and frequency. Types of Seizures How severe do they get? Epileptic seizures vary in intensity and symptoms depending on what part of the brain is involved. In partial seizures, the most common form of seizure in adults, only one area of the brain is involved. Partial seizures are classified as simple partial, complex partial, and absence (or petit mal) seizures. People who have simple partial seizures may experience unusual sensations such as uncontrollable jerky motions of a body part, sight or hearing impairment, sudden sweating or flushing, nausea, and feelings of fear. Complex partial seizures, also called temporal lobe epilepsy, last for only one or two minutes. The individual may appear to be in a trance and moves randomly with no control over body movements. The individual's activity does not cease during the seizure, but behavior is random and totally unrelated to the individual's surroundings. This form of seizure may be preceded by an aura (a warning sensation characterized by feelings of fear, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, or strange odors and sensations). Absence seizures, rare in adults, are characterized by a sudden, momentary loss or impairment of consciousness. Overt symptoms are often as slight as an upward staring of the eyes, a staggering gait, or a twitching of the facial muscles. No aura occurs and the person often resumes activity without realizing that the seizure has occurred. In a second type of epilepsy, known as generalized seizure, tonic clonic, grand mal, or convulsion, the whole brain is involved. This type of seizure is often characterized by an involuntary scream, caused by contraction of the muscles that control breathing. As loss of consciousness sets in, the entire body is gripped by a jerking muscular contraction. The face reddens, breathing stops, and the back arches. Then, alternate contractions and relaxations of the muscles throw the body into sometimes violent agitation such that the person may be subject to serious injury. After the convulsion subsides, the person is exhausted and may sleep heavily. Confusion, nausea, and sore muscles are often experienced, and the individual may have no memory of the seizure. Attacks occur at varying intervals, in some people as seldom as once a year and in others as frequently as several times a day. About 8 percent of those subject to generalized seizures may have status epilepticus, in which seizures occur successively with no intervening periods of consciousness. These attacks may be fatal unless treated promptly with the drug diazepam. Treatment for an Incurable Disorder There is no cure for epilepsy but symptoms of the disorder may be treated with drugs, surgery, or a special diet. Drug therapy is the most common treatmentseizures can be prevented or their frequency lessened in 80 to 85 percent of cases by drugs known as anticonvulsants or antiepileptics. Surgery is used when drug treatments fail and the brain tissue causing the seizures is confined to one area and can safely be removed. A special high-fat diet known as a ketogenic diet produces a chemical condition in the body called ketosis that helps prevent seizures in young children. Like any medical condition, epilepsy is effected by general health. Regular exercise, plenty of rest, and

10 Ways to Blog Your Book to Increase Sales Without Being Pushy or Annoying (Part 1)

10 Ways to Blog Your Book to Increase Sales Without Being Pushy or Annoying (Part 1) A lot of people think that once a book is written, the work is done. Often times, especially if you are a self-published author, the work is just beginning. After the brainstorming and drafting, writing and revising, editing and publishing comes the†¦ selling. There are only so many times you can say, buy my book! But the fact of the matter is, you need to continue placing your book in front of your audience if you have any prayer of selling copies. To help, I’ve come up with a list of ten ways you can blog about your book. I am breaking this article up into two parts, so read on for the first five suggested ways to blog about your book and then check back in next week to learn the second set of ways to increase your book sales through your blog without being pushy or annoying. The Inspiration Every story has to start somewhere. If you write about the inspiration behind the story, you don’t even have to wait until it’s published to engage your audience. Readers will feel like they are getting a behind the scenes sneak peek at your work in progress and endear them to the project right from the start. In this post, I shared all about how I turned my friend’s reality into inspiration for a fiction story. Writing Tips   Another topic you can talk about before you publish are the techniques you are using to write the story. For example, for my most recent book, I wrote about outlining, writing sprints, and using YouTube for research. First Chapter and Cover Reveal   A few weeks before you publish, give your readers a little teaser Music Play Lists   Mark Parsons wrote Road Rash, a â€Å"band-on-the-road† story about growing up- and growing into yourself. There probably isn’t a better scenario on the planet for a novel playlist. Being both a writer and a musician, Mark wrote this article for Huffington Post: 10 Best Road Trip Songs. Your book doesn’t have to be about music though to pull this off. Wisconsin based author Valerie Biel created playlists for her YA historical fantasy novels. Playlists are a great content addition to her website and also an excellent way for readers to create the atmosphere of the book to enhance their reading experience. Book Trailers Another way you can engage readers is â€Å"As authors, we want to give readers as much information as possible about our books so they can decide if it’s worth their precious time and money because let’ face it, this is a busy and expensive world. A book trailer can do this in 60 seconds or less using visuals and music. If a picture says a thousand words, adding tone and music says ten thousand.† – Teri Case, author of the award-winning novel Tiger Drive and forth-coming title, In the Dog House Once the trailer is finished, you can write a post about the creation process, including how you chose the images and music, how you scripted the video and any tips and tricks you’d recommend for other’s looking to give a book trailer a try. Okay! That’s it for today! Be sure to come back next week for the second half of the list!! (Click here for Part 2)

Retail Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Retail Marketing - Essay Example The UK supermarket segment has recently embraced various store formats. Among these supermarkets is Tesco supermarket which has embraced these types of formats: the Metro, the traditional supermarket and the extra formats. Every format is designed for a unique target market, which uses Tesco as the brand (Cox and Brittain, 2000, p. 29). Standard format Tesco supermarket is more often situated within an outstanding distance of city centres and towns. These format stores are situated in particular areas that can accommodate an establishment that is bigger in size, even though space cannot adequately accommodate it. Regarding the consumer’s perspective, the store’s standard format has the capability of offering more varieties of products. Many of the stores’ location in the standard format ensure that the shoppers are not required to have a vehicle to enjoy the benefits of this format. Extra is the flagship format for the new Tesco stores. Tesco’s extra store s in this format are large retail establishments that are often built in out of town locations. They are either built as part of a wider out of town retail projects or as stand-alone operations. Tesco Extra format emphases are on the provision of a wide range of services and goods that are available in the smaller standard supermarket format.  Tesco Extra format products are not only the principal non-food and the core food items but are normally linked within the sector of supermarkets.... Every format is designed for a unique target market, which uses Tesco as the brand (Cox and Brittain, 2000, p. 29). Standard format Tesco supermarket is more often situated within an outstanding distance of city centers and towns. These format stores are situated in particular areas that can accommodate an establishment that is bigger in size, even though the space cannot adequately accommodate it. Regarding the consumer’s perspective, the store’s standard format has the capability of offering more varieties of products. Many of the stores’ location in the standard format ensure that the shoppers are not required to have a vehicle to enjoy the benefits of this format (Berman and Evans, 2004, p. 9). Extra is the flagship format for the new Tesco stores. Tesco’s extra stores in this format are large retail establishments that are often built in out of town locations. They are either built as part of a wider out of town retail projects or as a stand-alone ope rations. Tesco Extra format emphases are on the provision of a wide range of services and goods that are available in the smaller standard supermarket format. Tesco Extra format products are not only the principal non-food and the core food items, but are normally linked within the sector of supermarkets. These Extra format stores stock products include kitchenware, clothing, financial services and products, and electronics. Other auxiliary services and goods that can be bought include petrol and branded food typically sold at petrol stations and in the restaurants located in the stores (Bhatia, 2008, p. 47). Tesco Metro format ensures that the store is in a suitable location that is close to places

Dichomtomy During Eisenhower History p5db Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dichomtomy During Eisenhower History p5db - Essay Example Eisenhower perceived an international system dominated by a struggle between communist slavery and American freedom. This struggle was being fought in the Third World, an area dominated by the concept of nationalism. Communism was taking advantage of this spirit of nationalism by attempting to separate the Third World from the West, thus insuring the enslavement of those nations in which the attempt succeeded. Further complicating this struggle was the blindness of America's Western European allies to the fact that they could not retain their empires in light of this nationalism. This made it extremely difficult for the United States to protect these areas since the Third World nations, wary of U.S. allies, were suspicious of U.S. motives. Most importantly, Eisenhower believed that the United States had a moral obligation to protect these nations just as the U.S. government had a moral obligation to protect the individual liberties of its own citizens. The function of government was the same in both instances: to do for others what they could not do for themselves under the obligation of individual initiative. But how were these related to foreign policy outcomes Three examples should suffice to illustrate this relationship (Ambrose, 1999). During 1950s, America overcame terror of the World War II and renewed its economy.

Future Advancements of Hyperspectral Imaging

Future Advancements of Hyperspectral Imaging Liam Zarebski Preserving forensic traces at a crime scene is a crucial part of collecting evidence It is important that these traces are detected and identified in a way that is as non-destructive as possible. One technology that has great potential to serve as a future analytical tool in forensics is Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI). Due to its non-contact method of analysis, the speed at which it can gather and process information, and the ease with which the results can be interpreted, HSI proves itself to be an excellent alternative to many forensic techniques used today. Hyperspectral Imaging combines conventional digital imaging and spectroscopy to gather and process information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. Every object in the world will reflect and absorb various wavelengths of radiation differently. These interactions can be measured and used to identify different chemical and material properties. This can be thought of as every object having their own unique spectral fingerprint. HSI is particularly useful as it could also be used to analyse chemical changes that have occurred within the sample, which can help with estimating age. Currently, HSI is mainly used for analysing fingerprints. Producing a multispectral image allows one to see details that would otherwise be invisible, even after dusting for prints. This creates a more detailed image than standard photography could produce and reveals elements which would otherwise have gone unnoticed. As HSI can identify the chemical composition of a sample, it could also be used to rapidl y identify the residue that created the print. It is also used in questioned document analysis to identify whether handwritten or printed documents have been altered by analysing the ink used. In Fire Investigation, HSI can detect flammable liquid residues in quantities as small as a microliter that have soaked into surfaces. While HSI technology has existed for around 20 years and is used in forensics today, it is becoming increasingly more relevant due to the rapid decrease in size of hyperspectral sensors, the decrease in the cost, and the increase in image processing power. In the future, it is possible that all the power of hyperspectral imaging will be integrated in regular digital cameras or even smartphones. This would open up a world of new possibilities within forensic science. Crime scene investigators could go into a crime scene and gather information about the size, age, density, and chemical composition of a sample as easily as they could take a photograph of it. This would mean that the chance of a sample being destroyed or contaminated would be drastically reduced as CSI would not even have to come into contact or move the traces to get an accurate analysis of what those traces are. If there are particular crime scenes where events have occurred that pose dangers to investigators, (eg. Cri me scenes involving explosives), a remote controlled robot could be equipped with a HSI system so that investigators can take the samples they require in a non-destructive matter without stepping foot in the crime scene. By using HSI instead of traditional methods, the process of identifying and analysing forensic traces would be drastically sped up. In addition, HSI requires little to no sample preparation, further increasing the speed at which progress can be made and thus improving the chances of the case being solved successfully. Another advantage of Hyperspectral Imaging is that the results are easy to interpret even if you dont come from a scientific background. Consequently, when the results are presented to a jury in court, they will quickly be able to understand the data and make an informed decision. If need be, additional processing steps can be taken when analysing the HSI data without having to re-examine the physical evidence. The main problem for Hyperspectral Imaging in forensics is that crime scenes tend to be very complex which can make image analysis difficult. Sunlight, external light sources, reflections from surfaces and shadows are all variables that can cause inaccuracies in readings. To combat this, specialized algorithms are required during the processing of information in order to distinguish which variables have been caused by non-uniform illumination. With image processing technology as a whole becoming more advanced, and several forensic science applications of HSI recently being explored successfully, it is easy to imagine HSI replacing some old techniques and becoming an integral part of crime scene investigation in the not too distant future. Despite the challenges that will be faced with interference and unknown variables, it is likely that the technology will be refined and the techniques will be modified so to maximize the effectiveness of the technology, and allow future investigators to analyse useful traces non-destructively. Hyperspectral imaging has many uses in forensics but it also has a vast number of uses in a wide variety of fields: in agriculture, where HSI can be used to detect animal proteins in cattle feed to avoid mad cow disease; in medicine, for early diagnosis of diseases; in mineralogy, to rapidly identify minerals in geological samples; and in astrology, to identify materials and chemicals present on distant planets. There are many examples of HSI being used in professional environments however it is also a possibility that it will end up becoming integrated with the technology used by the general public on a daily basis. Roughly two billion people on earth use smartphones, most of which come equipped with built in digital cameras. In the future, it is possible that these cameras will be built with components that can be used to detect other electromagnetic waves than just visual light. Using cloud computing, a library of different spectral signatures could be created and made available to the public and used for reference. Access to such a technology could prove to be particularly useful when it comes to monitoring ones own health. People would be able to use their phones to scan fruit and find out whether or not it is fresh depending on its sugar content and moisture levels; people could also use it to check if perishable foods are still safe to eat or to check whether or not their milk has gone off. Many smartphones nowadays can measure how many steps you walk a day and your heart rate, but a phone equipped with hyperspectral imaging technology would be able to detect biochemical changes due to dis ease development like cancer cell metabolism. A non-intrusive retina scan could be performed in the comfort of your own phone merely by taking a photo of your eye, or a suspicious looking mole could be checked out and diagnosed all within an application. Sources: http://www.hyspex.no/hyperspectral_imaging/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03790738http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1230/phys1230_fa01/topic7.html12004495http://www.chemimage.com/webinars/HSI-Basics-6-14-11/CI_Intro_HSI_Webinar0614.pdf http://arrow.dit.ie/schfsehart/97/

Impact of Social Media Essay

What is the media? The media is â€Å"the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely. † (Media, Dictionary. com). In other words the media is every thing that communicates something. TV shows, commercials, ads, and movies are all part of the media. Once the internet got more accessible, the birth of another kind of media happened: Social media. Social media is â€Å"Web sites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contacts. Anything that can be used to connect with others to hear or state opinion will fall under the social media category. Anything from a blog with fascist and racist views to club penguin account is social media. Everywhere you look there is a form of media around you. Nowadays the media has gained lots of power over peoples thoughts and ideas. Especially the thoughts of young pre teens who haven’t had a chance to form opinions of their own. Now if the media uses the hold it has for good or for bad, it all depends on how you look at it. There are particular kinds of media that certainly wouldn’t be considered â€Å"quality media†. For example trashy tabloid magazines covering Lindsay Lohan’s newest scandal. That’s definitely something that would have a negative impact on a young developing mind. The media can have a great negative impact on children under the age of 14 if they aren’t being exposed to â€Å"quality media or good role models†. Turn on the TV. Bright white teeth, expensive cars, revealing clothes, skinny girls, buff guys lathered in the best of the best. All engaged in promiscuous taboo behaviors. Those are the usual images that you’ll be exposed to within the first few minutes. Not just on the shows, but the commercials as well. â€Å"According to the Center for a New American Dream, children and teens are exposed to over 25,000 ads in a year, and companies spend over $17 billion a year on marketing toward children and teens. † (S. Zeiger 1). 25,000 ads containing what? Chances are, nothing educational. The media promotes â€Å" attractiveness† but what is attractiveness?. To the media its skinny. â€Å"The Media, Body Image and Eating Disorders paper by the National Eating Disorders Association says that over 70 percent of articles on weight loss in teen magazines claimed attractiveness as a reason for needing to lose weight. The association also notes that at least one out of every four advertisements sends a message about attractiveness. † This negatively impacts young female minds because they grow up having a media created view on beauty. They think that to be considered attractive they must be skinny and when they are not at the media’s ideal weight they begin to feel ugly and put themselves down. If women feel bigger than they are, they are more likely to want to lose weight or develop an If women feel bigger than they are, they are more likely to want to lose weight or develop an eating disorder. The same discussion argues that, in addition to giving females a reason or desire to be smaller the media has other effects on females: Ads persuade females that wrong eating habits are right. Girls feel as if they don’t have what everyone else has. The media makes girls think that those with ideal body images have perfect lives. (S. Zieger 2) Young girls growing up thinking that they’re not good enough because of the media. The media also impacts young boys too. Big abs and clear skin if you don’t have it then you’re not living up the the medias standards. That leads many boys to have low confidence and a bad body image. â€Å"The media does not affect females alone. According to the Center on Media and Child Health, boys can also face lower self-esteem if they feel their bodies do not measure up to the idea of perfection presented by the media†. (S. Zeiger 3). The media also influences the way the pre teens dress. Plus, children begin to think that they have to wear the clothes and outfits that they see on television in order to fit in†(McGuire 1) This lowers the child’s self worth. If the child does not own what’s being shown on TV they begin to feel like they aren’t good enough, thus creating low self esteem. The media has a way of exposing brands and letting every one know what’s in and out and if you don’t have it well you’re out too. â€Å"The amount of advertising and number of impressions are a carefully orchestrated attempt to get your child hooked on their brand. What’s more, your child gets the message that they just can’t live without the product being pitched. † (McGuire 2). This also causes problems between the parent and the child. The child will constantly want and think it needs new things because of the media. Some parents less likely to give into the childs wants, creating animosity between the child and parent. The media also puts out a lot of stereotypes. A big stereotype that’s show a lot is the cookie cutter family. A mom, a dad, a brother, a sister, and a pet. According to the national kids count program 35% of kids live in a single parent household. When the â€Å"normal† family is presented to be something very far from a lot of childrens realities, it causes problems for the child’s self image. The media also portrays sex as something cool and fun. Sex, lots of it. That’s what you should be doing. That’s basically what the media says. â€Å"Plus, sexuality is glorified on television, in movies, and on the internet, and these impressions are indelibly imprinted on our child’s brain. † (McGuire 3). The media also has young teen depict the police as something negative. They often view the law as an enemy and think its cool to break it. This leads them to have a bad relationship with the law enforcement at an older age. â€Å"Violence and respect for the law. Much like sexuality, the amount of violence on television, video games, and movies is at an all-time high. This dangerous media influence can desensitize a child to the tragic outcomes often associated with this type of violence. Children can begin to see law enforcement officials as â€Å"the enemy† and treat them as such into their teenage years. † (McGuire 4). The media also messes with education. Surfing twitter in class and posting statuses during a test. All normal behavior in todays youth. This behavior badly impacting children and their grades. It is very common to see kids spit their homework and studying time with social media. All these bad habits take away from the child’s attention thus impacting the amount the child would learn or produce negatively. Social media also has affected relationships between peers. Social media puts the world at your fingertips. It gives you the power to say whatever you want. Sometimes even things you wouldn’t post in person. Social media gives you some sort of false protection, like you’re hiding behind your keyboard. Facilitating cyberbullying. â€Å"43% of teens aged 13 to 17 report that they have experienced some sort of cyberbullying in the past year. †(Internet Safety 101). Pornography has also come into very close reach for young teens. â€Å"7 out of 10 teens have come across pornography†(Internet Safety 101). This also distorts sexuality for young teens. Social media also stunts social development. If young teens are learning how to communicate through social media rather than in person this creates a social barrier of not knowing how to communicate in person. Then we get socially awkward youth glued to their phones. Also social media is a very different form of communication, it often leaves space for breaches and miscommunications. When you’re communicating with someone through social media you have no hints like body language and tone to guide you. Leading to more breaches in our relationships. All of these things can be socially deadly for a kid without any maternal or paternal guidance. However in the right hands social media can be more than a blessing, Social media can be used for so many things. It can be used to expand knowledge. There are various blogs, articles, chat rooms and websites all focused on providing knowledge. Young teens can look at all these various things in order to form an opinion on it. Take politics, a teen can surf through various blogs, chat with various people in order to form their opinion on it. They can visit the old forms of media as well like magazines, papers, radios, and books. Social media is also there for a teen to leave their opinions, or their mark on the generation. â€Å"â€Å"Certain technical skills in the coming years are not going to be just about consuming media,† she says. â€Å"It is also going to be about producing media. It is not just about writing a blog, but also how to leave comments that say something. Learning to communicate like this is contributing to the general circulation of culture. †Ã¢â‚¬ (L. Tripp). Social media provides grounds for youth to learn the new norms of communication. Social media also provides people that because of distance normally would never be able to communicate a way to share ideas. Take the london riots for example. Thousands of british people gathered in london boroughs in order to riot. How did they manage to get the word around? BBM. Blackberry messenger. A form of social media that is like text messaging but instead of a number its a pin. BBM impacted this so much that they dubbed the riots BBM riots. The london riots are only one example of the many ways social media has aided in people this fast paced world. For younger kids however social media still provides access to information. â€Å"How media can benefit children: social benefits – for example, joining online clubs such as Club Penguin or Skoodle which teach children strategies for effectively and safely using social networking sites, or playing computer games with friends and family. †(Raising Children 1) On sites like Club penguin young teens can learn how to communicate and work together all in a controlled environment. Skooville is another site like Club penguin. It allows young minds to flourish and learn new things but in a safe monitored environment. Sites like those are a good way for a young teen to expand their social skills without having to fear being exposed to things they or their parents want them to see. You can use the media to follow a good role model. There are many role models who are very active in social media. Seeing what they’re up too is a great way to learn and be engaged without any consequences. You can follow them on twitter or research them or read about them in the paper or magazine. Its a great way to be involved. Many young teens are influenced by a role model â€Å"Teenagers can develop their: values through observing good role models in the media†(Raising children 2) Role models are a great way to get new ideas or to look at for inspiration. But what is a good models â€Å"Good role models are people or characters who are doing things or behaving in ways that you wouldn’t mind your child copying or that you would like your child to copy. †(Raising children 3). So if a TV network or show has things that you want your child to copy they are a good influence. Good programs and tv networks can be beneficial in more than one way. Good programing can influence children to practice good behaviors. †Deciding what is â€Å"good† : Movies and TV programs can also be a good way to expose your child to diversity, especially ethnic diversity. It will provide them with knowledge without the constant fear of crude explicit things. A sheltered explanation of things. The world is constantly evolving and social media is a great way for teens to stay up to date with the various changes in the world. Social media is also great for following big news it gives teens a chance to feel connected and in the know with one touch of a button. Social media also helps a lot of shy teens who need support from online communities. It allows kids with unique interests to find each other in this humongous world and share their thoughts and ideas. Sites like Edmodo give teachers the power to communicate with their students easily through social media. sites like that facilitate the student teacher relationship expanding the classroom. With all its pros and cons social networking will continue to impact young teens daily. A lot of it is inevitable in this day and age because the media is literally everywhere. But it depends alot on how the media is used. If it is used for good then it will have a positive influence and a good impact. But if its misused or without the pooper guides or without strong support it can create a irreversible impact. The media will impact young teens in both ways but its up to them to discern what information is good and what isn’t. what habits are good and what habits they should probably trash. When you try to shelter kids too much you don’t let them learn for themselves and become their own person it can hurt them more than any scheme the media can pull.

Supply Cahin Management of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt.) Limited

Chapter One: Introduction 1. 1: Introduction Bangladesh is rich in natural resources as well as human resources. There are many garments and textiles in this country for the availability of manpower. Favorable environment for work and co-operation of government also encourage establishing garments and textile industries here. Alauddin Textile Mills (ATM) Pvt. Limited is one of the well-known textile mills in Bangladesh. In this paper, I take Alauddin Textile Mills (ATM) Pvt. Ltd. as a field of my investigation and research. This company is also known as ATM lungi factory locally for producing popular product â€Å" ATM Lungi†.This company is to conduct many of it’s activities for supplying it’s well-known product to the customers . Of them, I chose it’s supply chain management as my research field. Because, supply chain management is an inevitable part of any company. I noticed it’s all supply chain activities very closely. In recent years, supply c hain management (SCM) has been developed as essential management philosophy and practice for all business operations. As with other business management principles, SCM also applies to the textile and apparel industries.A sound supply chain management helps to identify the supplier and the customer demand that operation must satisfy, link customer demand with suppliers and production plans, and keep the operation function focused on satisfying customers’ need. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Supply chain management (SCM) is the synchronized of a firm’s processes and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials, services, and information with customer demand.It is also a process of managing operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and inventory to improve overall efficiency and effectiveness. This paper focuses on some of the major aspects of supply chain management with its major recompense and how to design and implement effective and efficient supply chain management. 1. 2: Background of the company: Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) is a well known textile industry of Bangladesh. It has achieved it’s fame to produce lungi a native popular product of Bangladesh. Now a days â€Å"ATM Lungi† is now most popular brand in lungi in Bangladesh.Garments and textiles are considered as a beck and belly of earning foreign currency. Especially Dhaka region has the major concentration in establishing garments and textiles. So ATM Pvt. Limited has chosen Tangail and Norshindi which are near at hand of Dhaka, as factory place. It is a private limited firm. The incorporation period of this firm is 1993. Mr. Alauddin (engineer) is the entrepreneur and custodian of this company. He started production in a small amount with small capital and sell it in the local market of Tangail.Initially, he had to face many hardship to c ut a established figure. But,He gradullay become afford to occupy the local market for maintaining good quality product. Thus, in a short possible time ATM Lungi disbursed it’s reputation throughout the whole country. It is registered with Board of Investment ( Bangladesh). This company out and out concerned with textile business. Cotton, Yarn, Fabric are the listed product of this firm. But, Lungi is the finished goods of ATM Limited. It was the outset of this company when the number of worker was only a handful 10-15 and employees were 2 and Mr.Alauddin himself executed his business. Now, about 2300 workers and 200 employees are at the disposal of this company . Female workers have taken the possession of 45% of total number of workers. It is mentionable that this company didn’t allow no child labor so far. This company is also the member of Dhaka Chamber of commerce, and Narshindi &Tangail Chamber of commerce. 1. 3: Statement of the problem: In production plan o f this factory, there are many hardship faced by the production manager. To run production smoothly it is crucial to perform some logistics.These are procurement, operation, distribution, after sale, disposal, human resource management, channel management, material handling logistics etc needed to handle potentially for having a smoothly production . Because for the distance & infrastructure problem, many producer fail to produce as their expectation. Bangladesh is not affluent in producing raw materials of textile industries. It is another problem for why these factories always worry about raw material supply. Besides this, human resource management has become the most critical task in garment or textile ndustries. Actually, companies don’t have enough time to spend to conduct any research to find out these problems. I have tried to find out some problems regarding production point to selling point in this paper. I do believe my report help this company to unearth proble ms regarding SCM. 1. 4: Importance of the study: Theoretical information is not sufficient for business students because there is a gap between theoretical knowledge and practical ground. This internship program has been initiated mainly to less this gap.So, this practical idea on various activities and functions of different department of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) Ltd. help me in future to increase my efficiency and effectiveness. . I believe that the analysis, findings and recommendations will be helpful for the organization to effectively utilize the benefit of supply chain management & increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their current operations. The use of these tools enables the textile industries to greatly increase its profitability because it is able to match supply and demand in a much more coordinated fashion.Therefore, the importances of this study are- †¢ To gather practical knowledge about supply chain activities of textile mills in Bangladesh. à ¢â‚¬ ¢ It helps to scrutinize the strength and weakness of the company’s SCM system. †¢ Finding the problem regarding SCM. †¢ It will Measure efficiency of the company in all logistics. †¢ Finding the gap of previous research regarding this. †¢ Recommending some suggestion against the problems 1. 5: Objectives of the study: Objective means the target concern for which certain effort or works are performed. There may be a single objective or multi-objectives.So the objective should be identified firstly, and on the basis of objectives or with a view to achieve that objectives the plan is designed and next steps are taken to implement the outline about the objectives. So, the main objectives of this study is are- * Achieving a realistic idea of existing system of Supply Chain Management of this industry. * Problems faced by the participants. * Opinion of different groups faced the problems. * To give a few suggestions. 1. 6: Methodology: This report is being tried to complete micro level study in a confined, specific, and a given period.To prepare the report I have followed some specific methods and technique, which were helpful for collecting and analyzing data. After I determined what and why I am looking for, then I set adrift our boat to the sea. In this report I have used primary and secondary data. After getting adequate materials I then went through the materials and was trying to find the answer of my objective questions. Within the process I had to contact with my supervisor sir. Evaluating all the information I gathered different record and statement of ATM privet limited, BTMA report has helped me preparing this report.The subject material of this report is on primary and secondary sources of data and information. Sources of information:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Primary source * Relevant document studies   as provided by the officers concerned. * Ob servation of various departments. * Collection information from suppliers and customers through questionnaire. Secondary source * Annual report of ATM privet limited. * Prospectus of ATM private limited . *   Brief of ATM privet limited chief officers and staff. * Extensive literature search on the basis of document and publication, BTMA, BTMC, BGMEA. Interview supplying agents and customer of the company through questionnaire. Population: The study is about supply chain management of the company so the populations are considering as supplier agents and all the customer of the company. Sample: Sample is a subset, or some part, of large population. It is not possible to take all data in report writing so I am take sample for data analysis. I have taken ten samples from the supplier agents and the customer in the company. Sampling: Sampling is the process of using a small number of items or parts of larger population to make conclusions about the whole population.There are various t ypes of sampling. In my study I am follow the simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is a sampling procedure that assures each element in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample 1. 7: Limitations of the study: I won’t say that my study and the decisions I made are self sufficient. That doesn’t mean that there was any dearth of my professionalism and eagerness to reach to the solution, rather it means that I had to face some obstacles. Those may be summarized as follows: * It was so difficult to collect the adequate and real data from the assigned organization. Lack of experience in related field. * The research area was so far from our institution. * Due to the lack of time I could not acquire in depth knowledge of the activities of different department perfectly and clearly.. * Improper combination among various departments. * There was not any research regarding this topic in this institution. So, it was complication for me to collect d ata collection. * Adequate books, publication and journals were not available. * The respondents were not aware enough about my work. It took me more time to conduct my research. 1. : Tentative presentation of the study: This report is composed of eight chapters, which are further divide into different parts. In the first chapter, the introductory portion has been present along with background of the study, Importance of study and the objective of the study and the methodology, limitation and Literature review discuss in chapter two. A conceptual framework is included in chapter three from where we will be able to get the basic idea about the operation of the company. Chapter four includes result and discussion based on objective of the study.From where the textile mill collect raw materials, how they collect the raw materials, what are the basic raw material required by the spinning sector are discussed in this chapter. What are the main considerations in selecting suppliers, proce ss of making order for raw material, landing procedure of import are also discussed in the chapter. The summary and recommendation of the study are discussed in chapter Five. Chapter six highlighted the reference of the study from where I gathered theoretical knowledge about it. Chapter seven exposes bibliography.And in chapter eight, I have discussed appendices that include some table figure and questionnaire. Chapter Two: Literature Review A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental work. Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as a thesis, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section.Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a t opic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. There are lots of researches in supply chain management in world. There are many books also regarding SCM. Graham Heaslip (School of Business and Humanities, Department of Management Studies, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland) on his book of Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation he tried to identify the core activities of SCM of any firm. He discuss about strategy needed to operate SCM activities for smoothly run of production.Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in their study of â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries† they conducted an empirical study. They showed there the overall practices of Supply Chain management of various industries in Hong Kong. Pankage Chandra (Professor of Operations & Technol ogy Management) Publish a research on â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,† in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007.He analyzed Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. An article written by Prof. Atanu Ghosh on â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry – Some Tips†Ã‚  was  published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. He also give some recommendation regarding textile industries SCM practices. A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh. They measured the efficiency of practices of SCM management of Makson Spinning mills Ltd.They also showed Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By Kazi Anwarul Masud in study of Bangladesh Economy- Problems & Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010 mentioned the econ omic philosophy of textile industries in Bangladesh. Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) By  Abu Zafour Published 19 October 2009 is another study regarding this. There are problem of garment and textile industries in Bangladesh. Chapter Three: Conceptual Framework of Supply Chain A supply chain (SC) consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, n fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service. Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers.Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain). Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the â€Å"design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally A typical supply chain may involve a variety of stages. These supply chain stages includes: * Customers Retailers * Wholesalers/Distributors * Manufacturers * Component/ Raw material suppliers A firm can vary supply of products by controlling a combination of the following two factors: ? Production capacity ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inventory Following I list some specific approaches to managing capacity and inventory with the g oal of maximizing profits. Managing Capacity: When managing capacity to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time flexibility from workforce b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of seasonal workforce. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of subcontracting. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of dual facilities )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Designing product flexibility into the production in processes Managing Inventory: When managing inventory to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using common components across multiple products b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products. All the Supply Chain drivers discussed up until this point have dealt directly with some physical aspect of the supply chain. Information is the supply chain drivers that serves as the glue allowing the other three drivers to work together to create an integrated, coordinated supply chain.Informatio n is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and managers make decisions. With out information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock, and when more products should be produced and shipped. In short, without information a manager can only make decisions blindly. Therefore, information makes the supply chain visible to a manager. With this visibility, a manager can make decisions to improve the supply chain’s performance.In much way’s information is the most important of the four supply chain drivers because without it, none of the other drivers can be used to deliver a high level of performance. Given the role of information in a supply chain’s success, managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where IT comes into play. IT consists of the hardware and software throughout supply chains that gather, analyze, and act on information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and analyzing the information necessary to make a good decision.Using IT system to capture and analyze information can have a significant impact on a firm’s performance. For example, a major manufacturer of computer work stations and serves found that much of the information on customer demand was not being used to set production schedules and inventory levels. Information is the key to the success of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses both functions and companies. Information must have the following characteristics to be useful when making supply chain decisions: 1.Information must be accurate: Without information that gives the true picture of the state of the supply chain, it is very difficult to make good decisions. That is not to say all information must be 100 percent correct but rather than the data available paint a picture of reality that is at least directionally correct. 2. Information must be accessible in a timely manner: Often a accurate information exists, but by the time it is available, it is either out of date or if it is current, it is not in an accessible form. To make good decisions, a manager needs to have up-to-date information that is easily accessible. 3.Information must be of the right kind: Decision makers need information that they can use. Often companies will have large amounts of data that is not helpful with decision making. Companies must think about what information should be recorded so that valuable resources are not wasted collecting meaningless data while important data goes unrecorded. Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consume r.As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they have reduced their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect has been to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts.The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and improving inventory velocity. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Management Council. Another mo del is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels of activities.Strategic * Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehouses, distribution centers and facilities. * Strategic partnership with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics. * Product design coordination, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain, load management * Information Technology infrastructure, to support supply chain operations.Tactical * Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. * Production decisions, including contracting, locations, scheduling, and planning process definition. * Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory. * Transportat ion strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. * Benchmarking of all operations against competitors and implementation of best practices throughout the enterprise Operational * Production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). * Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. * Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. * Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. * Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. * Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities and transportation to customers. Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distr ibution centers, and other customers. Chapter Four: Result and Discussion In this chapter, the study needs to discuss about the existing production system where the SCM system will be focused according to the first objective of this study. Here, there is a chronological discussion about the existing supply chain management activities. The following are the raw materials needed producing finished product of this company- 4. 1: Textile fibersFibers used for the production of yarn are called textile fibers. All the fibers are not textile fibers, textile fibers must have some of the essential characteristics e. g. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minimum length to insert twist. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strength 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fineness 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pliability or flexibility 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cohesiveness 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rigidity or stiffness 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elongation & Elasticity 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moisture Absorbency etc. Classification of textile fibers: Different textile fibers are used in textile industry. Some of them we get from natural sources and some of them are man-made classification of fibers are shown in the following chart:Figure: Classification of Textile Fiber 4. 2 Basic Considerations in selection of raw material Textile fiber’s length analysis Wide variations of fiber lengths occur within a fiber of the same source as well as between varieties obtained from different source. Staple fibers include all natural fibers except, sild-sidk is a natural filament fiber Man-made fibers, manufactured in filament form, and silk filament fibers may be cut up to form short staple fibers. Staple is fiber of cotton, wool or ramie etc. of no more than a few inches long. Filament is usually a manmade fiber of indefinite length.The size of yarn is usually related to the weight of the fabric, for heavy fabrics we use thick yarn, for light fabrics we use fine yarn. Textile fiber’s diameter analysis: The diameter of a fiber is the distance across the fiberà ¢â‚¬â„¢s cross section. The diameter of  Ã‚   natural staple fibers is irregular and may vary from one part of the fiber to another. Staple fiber diameters are measured in microns. The diameters of the smooth, even filament man-made fibers is uniform 4. 3 Characteristics of textile Spun yarn * Composed of short staple fibers of definite length Made from natural cotton, flax or wool staple fibers * Made from natural or Man-made filaments which are chopped or cut into short lengths and referred to as filament staple yarn. * Individual fiber length vary * Bigger and wider in diameter than filament fiber yarns. * Fuzzy appearance and feel; fiber ends protrude from yarn * Uneven number of fibers throughout * Range from soft, loose construction to hard finished, fine twist yarn * Thick and thin areas highly twisted * Fall apart when untwisted * Dull or flat in appearance * Rough to the touch Natural textural appearance and feel * Bulkier to the feel * Provide good covering power * Snagg ing depends on fabrics structure * Pilling depends on fiber content 4. 4 Characteristics of textile blended yarn & fabric In order to achieve certain appearance, and effect on fabrics or to avoid paying high import duty on garments to be exported to the exported to the United States which is the biggest buyer of garments from the Asian producing countries, we often mix different fibers in the yarn to make fabrics. Instead of using only one kind of fiber, we may use 2 or 3 kinds.As each kind of fiber has its own characteristics, when we plan to mix them, we should consider their characteristics to create a hybrid with the characteristics we need. Therefore it is important that we know the characteristics of the following key fibers: Cotton: Soft, very absorbent, shrinks when washed easy to crease. Ramie & linen: Compared to cotton, not soft, less absorbent, shrinks when washed, but to a less extent, easy to crease Rayon: Compared to cotton, softer than cotton equally absorben t, Shrinks more than cotton, very easy to crease, has a luster like silkPolyester: Compared to cotton, not soft, absorbent at all, does not shrink in normal wash not easy to crease Wool: The characteristics vary dependent on the kind of wool it is, but it has these general characteristics: Compared to cotton, not very soft, not absorbent. The staple is slightly crispy which can lead to a bulky effect when finally made into fabrics. It shrinks seriously when washed in hot water. Not easy to crease. Nylon: Can be soft or firm dependent on the finish applied, not absorbent, does not shrink when washed, not easy to crease, very strongSilk: Finer and softer than cotton, equally absorbent, shrinks more than cotton easy to crease, has a smooth surface with luster when it is made into fabric. Acrylic: Not soft, not absorbent, dies not shrink in normal wash. The staple is slightly 4. 5 Suppliers Selection and Contracts Once the analysis has been completed, a list of promising suppliers will emerge. The firm select desired suppliers using a variety of mechanisms including off- line competitive bids, reserve actions, or direct negotiations. No matter what mechanism is used, supplier selection should be based on total cost of using a supplier and not just the purchase price.Before selecting a supplier, the firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product. Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been selected, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. 4. 6 Placement Process of an Order ATM places the order of raw materials to the suppliers. When placing an order for raw materials it needs highest 30 days.For placing an order they use some medium, the mediums are: ? E-mail ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fax ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Letter ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phone The company asks for proforma invoice from the suppliers using the aforesaid means of communication where the terms and conditions are mentioned clearly. 4. 7 List of Banks involved in import of ATM Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd Norshindi Brach, Norshindi Pubali Bank Ltd. Tangail Branch, Tangail. 4. 8 List of Major local Agents of ATM 1. A. R. Cotton 2. Dhaka Cotton 3. Trade Scan Int'l 4. Desh cot 4. 9 List of Major Supplier of raw cotton of ATM 1. Indian Cotton Company-India 2.LGW Industries 3. P. D. Sekhsaria-India 4. Omprakash Shiva. 4. 10: The Procurement Process Once supplier have been selected, contracts are in place, and the product has been designed, the buyer and supplier engage in procurement transactions that begin with the buyer placing the order end with the buyer receiving and paying for the order. When designing the procurement process, it is important to consider goods that the process will be used to purchase. There are two main categories of purchased goods Direct an d Indirect materials. Direct materials are components used to make finished goods.Indirect materials are goods used to support the operations of a firm. A good example of a procurement process that focuses on these objectives is the e-Hub initiative at Cisco. As ATM Mills Ltd. Produce 100% cotton yarn only, the main raw material is the Fibers. The company imports fibers from, Canada, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, India, and Pakistan etc. Imports of raw cotton by ATM in June-2011 SL| SELLER| INDENTOR| L/C NO| Description| Bales| 01| Cargil Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 2217-08-01-0470| Origin-UzbekistanGrowth-SM, Staple-1. 1/8†,Mic- 3. 8-4. 9 NCL,| 1110| 02| Mambo Commodities, U.K| Dhaka Cotton| 3037-08-02-0003| Growth-Benin, Grade:Kaba-SStaple- 1. 1/8†, Mic-3. 5-4. 9 NCLPressley-29 GPT| 1106| 03| Plexus Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 1335-08-01-0534(Bulbul Tex)| Origin- MaliStaple-1-1/8†,| 1092| 04| Cottonex Anstalt, Vaduz| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-08-01-0541| Origin- CIS ( Uzbek)Grade- Pervey selected-SM| 1164| 08| Cottonex Anstalt| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-04-01-0611| Origin- CIS(Uzbek) Grade- Pervy Selected-SM, Staple- 1-1/8†,| 1206| | | | Total Bales| 7777| | | | | | | | Statement of Raw cotton Purchase by ATM as on 20 September-2011 1.L/C IN PIPE LINE SUPPLIERINDENTOR| L/C NO. | DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY| VALUE| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC- 0793DT. 05-07-08SBL| MCU-5 –30 MM INDIA| 100M/Tons=220,460lbs+150 M/Tons =330,690 lbs (1490 Bales)| $ 156,526. 60$ 234,789. 90$ 3,91,316. 00| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC – 0893 DT. 08. 12. 03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SBL| SANKAR-6 (SUPER) –28. 56 MMINDIA| 120 M/Tons =264,552 lbs (720 Bales)| $ 190,477. 44| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC – 0916 DT. 17. 12. 03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SBL| MCU-5 –30 MM INDIA| 120M/Tons =264,552 Lbs (720 Bales)| $ 194,445. 2| INDIAN COTTON COMPANY- INDIAA. R. COTTON TRADING, DHAKA| LC – 0023DT. 10. 01. 04| MCU-5, 30 MMINDIA| 244. 9M/Tons=539980 Lbs (1400 Bales)| $ 383,385. 80| 2. RAW COTTON IN BOOKING (L/C DUE FOR OPEN) SUPPLIERINDENTOR| DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY INBALES| QTY IN  LBS| U. PRICE| VALUE| MAMBO COMMODITIES, U. K| KABA-S 1. 1/8†28 GPT| 260 M/TONS| 573,196. 00| USC 76. 00| $435,628. 96| 4. 11 Making Sourcing Decisions in Practice This involves choosing the suppliers that will deliver the goods and services you need to create your products or services.It also involves developing a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers and create measurement criteria for monitoring and improving the relationships. Enterprises also need to put together processes for managing the inventory of goods and services that they receive from suppliers, including receiving shipments, verifying them, transferring them to their manufacturing facilities and authorizing supplier payments. 1. Use multifunctional teams: Effective strategies for sourcing result from mul tifunctional collaboration within the firm.A sourcing strategy from the purchasing group is likely to be narrow and focus on purchase price. 2. Ensure appropriate coordination across regions and business units: Coordination of purchasing across all regions and business units allows a firm to maximize economies of scale in purchasing and also to reduce transaction costs. 3. Always evaluate the total cost of ownership: An effective sourcing strategy should not make price reduction its sole objectives. All factors that influence the total cost of ownership should be identified and used for supplier selection.Build long term relationship with key suppliers: A basic principle of good sourcing is that a buyer and a supplier working together will generate more opportunities for savings than the two parties working independently 4. 12: The Role of the Safety Inventory in the Supply Chain Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forec asted for a given period. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are uncertain and a product shortage may result if actual demand exceeds the forecast demand. Figure: Inventory profit with safety inventoryFor any supply chain, there are two key questions to consider when planning safety inventory: 1. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry? 2. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducing safety inventory? Impact of Supply Uncertainty on Safety Inventory In many practical situations, supply uncertainty also plays a significant role. Consider the case of the Dell assembly plant in Austin. Dell assembles computers to customer order. When planning the level of component inventory, Dell clearly has to take demand uncertainty into account.Suppliers, however, may not be able to deliver the components required on time for a variety of reasons. Dell must also account for this supply uncertainty when planning its safety inventories. The basic principle of textile is to spin textile fibers into yarn and weaving . Bales of cotton will be opened, mixed and then will be passed through the blow room line to remove dirt, foreign materials and to open the tufts of fibers and ultimately to produce regular lap by scutcher. The laps will pass through the carding machine to individualize the fibers and to remove dirt, neaps ;amp; short fibers and finally produces slivers.As and when necessary these slivers will pass through the lap former to produce comber laps. The laps will be fed to the combing machine to remove the maximum short fibers and ultimately to produce regular slivers. The combed slivers will pass through the drawing frame, where doubling and drafting will be done and will produce regular sliver which will be fed to the simplex rime to produce roving and then ell be fed to the spinning frames where drafting and twisting will be done and will produce yarn in bobbin form. Finally, heat setting of yarn will be done, before coning.Thereafter, individual cones will be wrapped in polythene packing in paper cartons ( 100 lb. each carton) and sent to the market. In rotor card sliver will be feed to the draw frame 1st and 2nd passage after that final drawing sliver will be feed to the rotor frame and in rotor frame drafting and twisting will be done and finally yarn will be wind in cone form these cone will be delivered to knitting section 50% will be sold out. Figure: Flow chart for producing yarns at ATM Enterprises need to schedule activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery.This is also the most metric-intensive portion of the supply chain so quality levels, production output and worker productivity have to be measured. 4. 13: Spare Parts and machinery used By ATM for yarn production To produce the export yarn the following Spare Parts and m/c s are mainly used by ATM SL| Name of section| Machine and spare parts specification| Quantity| 01| Blow room | Foreign Fiber Detector| 1. Nos| | 02| Carding| Taken in under Casing Segment and Stationary Flat| 14. Nos| | 03| Carding| Stripping Roller For Flats| 14. Nos| | 4| Simplex| Simplex Saddle Spring SKF Germany| 1000 Nos| | 05| Simplex| Simplex PVC Core Cots (Beveled) Size: 1 D = 19 mm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0 D = 28 mm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Length = 39 mm| 1800 Nos| | 06| Simplex| Spacer White and Green Original SKF| 500+500=1000 Nos| | 07| Simplex| Flyer Presser For FL 16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ( 108 Spindle)| 100 Nos| | 08| Ring| Cot Irradiation Machine( U. V Treatment)| 1 Nos| | 09| Finishing| Yarn Conditioner micHeat Salting| 1 Nos| | 10| Quality Control| H V I / H F I Mic( For Fiber Testing)| 1 Nos| | 11| Quality| Twist Tester| 1 Nos| | 2. | Weaving| Power loom| 150| | 4. 14: Textile Yarn Construction Yarn count, yarn ply and yarn construction interrelate to form the characteristics of yarn. Yarn construction is classified as: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simple/ conventional yarns are two or more simple single yarns plied or twisted together. They are referred to as two three, four, five or six ply yarn. Size and number of plies may be changed for different weaves or fabric structures. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Complex/Novelty Yarns are single or plied yarn structures characterized by international introduced irregularities in size and twist effects.The irregularities of novelty yarns may be uniform. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Metallic Yarns produced by lacquering aluminum pigment or by laminating aluminum foil between layers of plastic. Since metallic yarns are flat rather than round as most other man- made fiber yarns, the size of the yarn is specified in  inches. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Textured Yarns are the end result of physical, chemical o r thermal manipulation of fibers and yarns so that they are no longer straight or uniform. The manipulation process of textured yarns results in the modification and altering of the arrangement of fiber and yarn. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stretch Yarns may be applied to yarns by chemical or mechanical methods. Not all methods or fibers will achieve equality effective stretch properties. 4. 15: Discussion on new spinning systems Open-End Rotor spinning: The most successful of the new spinning systems is open end rotor spinning which is now termed as conventional spinning system. The success of rotor spinning is due to the increase of its productivity. Advantage of rotor spinning: 1. Lower labor cost 2. Less power consumption 3. Cheaper raw material 4. Larger package size 5. Higher productivity, because of higher speed 6.Elimination of roving, no use of simplex m/c 7. easy handling Wrap spinning: The wrap or hollow spindle spinning system uses the tecjmoque of wrapping, a continuous filament yarn round a central core of parallel staple fiber and this system can be used for both short and long staple. Wrap spinning is considered as complementary to the ring and not a complete replacement. It is suitable for coarse count up to 30s. Friction spinning: The basic principle of friction spinning is that it is an opening system, the fibers are carried with an air flow forward the collecting area between two friction surfaces.Friction spinning, like air jet spinning is limited in practice by the yarn quality. Finer count yarn produced in friction spinning than ring or Rotor spinning with comparatively production level. 4. 16: Textile Yarn finishing system ATM Yarn finishing starts after Ring till transfer to finished store For Hank form  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For cone form Figure: Process sequence of fini shing 4. 17: Weaving and dyeing: Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth. Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill.Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs. As the final product of ATM is Lungi , it follows very easy method to complete the production process. 1500 shuttle and 250 shuttles-less weavin g machine is used in weaving cotton gray and madras check fabric. Weaving back process Yarn –dying, sizing, checking design included to speed up and quality control. It produce two types of lungi. First type needs not to dyeing because it’s color is determined by yarn color. That means this type of Lungi’s color is automated by the color.The second type of Lungi need dying. Because, it is made from the fabric. The fabric needs dying. Dyeing: Modern overflow and Jet dyeing machinery is used in latest rotary and flat bed printing process. 200000 y ds per week production capacity is running at 90% efficiency. Also traditional batik print is its specialty. 4. 18: Problems occurring in SCM and remedial measures of ATM: According to the second and third objective of the study, there is a discussion here about problems and remedial measures of SCM of ATM faced by the various participants in the factory.Actually, problems occur in different sector of activities and the remedial measures are suggested by the various participants work in the sectors concern. These are narrated in below. Yarn Faults Some commonly occurring yarn faults and the methods of controlling them are as follows: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slubs: Slubs are fish shaped thick places from 1 cm. to 4 cm. long and about 5-8 times larger than the average yarn diameter at the thickest portion. Slubs formed earlier stages due to poor drafting would get substantially elongated during I ring frame drafting and would get appear as slubs in the yarn.It  can be controlled in carding stage and then Ring frame. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cracders: Crackers are short coil-like places in the yarn. Cracker occurs frequently in polyester or polyester-cotton yarns. Remedial steps: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase top arm pressure 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use large diameter and narrow width top rollers 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ensure that the traverse motion functions properly 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of wider apron spacers 5)     Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase breaks draft 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reduce twist in roving 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wider back zone setting 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of heavier traveler 9)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Avoid stopping of ring frames. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Spinner’s doubles: This fault consists of the yarn becoming double in its thickest at some portions. Causes: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rove from an inter bobbin in the creel at ring frame going along with the neighboring end. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ring frame tenter permitting doubled rove to be fed into the drafting system at the time of replacing a near empty inter bobbin in the creel. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The strand issuing from the front rollers at ring frames going along with an adjacent end on the ring bobbin. Remedy: The ring frame tenter should be trained to replace the creel bobbin with a roper piecing of the rove and not by letting the fresh rove overlap with the in going rove at the feed. To transfer the lap from the lap pin to a lap rod to suitab ly handle and feed it to the subsequent m/c (carding) Action of Blow Room Line: 1. Action of opposing spikes 2. Action of air currents 3. Action of beaters 4. Regulating Action Wastage in Blow Room: 1. Droppings 2. Dust 3. Filter waste Faults in Blow: 1. Irregular lap 2. Knocking off before completion of full lap 3. Rough appearances of full lap 4. Lap sheet thicker at one side than at the others 5. Soft lap 6. Lap licking 7. Droppings under beater ;amp; grid bars. . Formation of conical lap 9. Formation of conical lap 10. Barrel shaped lap 11. Ragged lap selvedges. Types of Beater in Blow room: 1. Porcupine beater 2. Bladed beater l 3. Krishna beater Carding: Objects of carding m/c: 1. To open the tuft of fibers 2. To make the fibers parallel ;amp; straight 3. To remove remaining trash particles 4. To remove short fibers 5. To remove naps 6. To produce a rove like fiber called sliver, which is uniform in per unit length Main actions of carding machine: 1. Action between feed roller ;amp; taker 2. Action between taker in and cylinder 3. Action between cylinder and flat . Action between cylinder and doffer Useful sliver hanks of different counts: Count of yarn:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   32s,  Ã‚  Ã‚   40s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   60s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   80s Hank of carded sliver:  Ã‚  Ã‚   0. 125,  Ã‚   0. 125,   0. 13,  Ã‚   0. 135,   0. 145,   0. 165 Wastage in carding: 1. Taker in waste 2. Flat strip 3. Motes ;amp; flies 4. Sliver cut 5. Filter waste Draw Frame: Objects of draw frame 1. Straightening of crimped and hooked fibers 2. Paralleling of fibers 3. to produce more uniform of sliver of definite wt. / yd 4. To reduce the wt. /yard of materials fed. 5. To make perfect blending / mixing of the component fibersWastage in Draw frame 1. Filter waste 2. Clearer waste 3. Sliver cut Comber: Objects of Comber 1. To remove the fibers shorter than a predetermined length 2. To remove remaining impurities in the comber lap 3. To remove naps in the carded sliver. 4. To make the fibers more parallel and straight 5. To produce a uniform sliver of required per unit length. Necessity of Combing: 1. Clean fiber 2. Uniformity in length of fiber 3. Absence of naps 4. More parallel arrangement of fibers 5. Straight fibers The above quality of fibers can only be obtained by combing. Speed Frame: Objects of Speed frame: 1.Attenuation of draw sliver to a suitable size for spinning 2. To insert a small amount of twist to strengthen the roving 3. To wind the twisted strand roving into a bobbin Operation involved in speed frame: 1. Drafting 2. Twisting 3. Laying out 4. Winding 5. Building motion Winding: If spinning tension is grater than yarn strength in Ring frame, then end breakage is occurred and also due to roller lapping A. Technological causes B. Mechanical causes A. Technological causes: 1. Insufficient twist in yarn 2. If travelers fly off. 3. Subbing thr ough 4. Stretched roving 5. Faulty drafting roller setting 6.Faulty Traveler selection 7. Excessive yarn tension 8. Improper atmospheric conditions B. Mechanical Causes: 1. Faulty drafting system 2. Worn out ring and traveler 3. Faulty gear and wheels 4. Worn out top rollers 5. Faulty apron 6. Spindle vibration 7. Eccentric ring Remedy: Both the Technical and Mechanical causes should be taken into account and be careful while winding. Chapter Five: Summary This chapter will discuss about some recommendations to conclude the study. According to the last objective of the study, it is needed to design a conclusion providing some recommendation to solve the problems identified.In former portion of the study, some problems are shown regarding the SCM activities of the ATM. Some recommendation are narrated in below- 5. 1: RECOMMENDATIONS I have found a fewer number of factors, which impede the achievement of ultimate goals of Alaudding Textile (pvt. ) Mills Limited. It is not easy to find out the solution by only three months internship. But it can be said that the suggestions mentioned below will obviously increase the efficiency of ATM Limited. 1. Shippers must ship the consignment of cotton within the stipulated date as mentioned in the Letter of credit.Delay in shipment shall be entertained without prior approval of the buyer for extension of shipment date. 2. Government should reduce tax and tariff on Textile spares, Textile dyes, Chemical and sizing materials. 3. A committee be formed with members from various importing and exporting countries to review the existing rules and procedures and suggest reformulation of mew rules due to changes that are being taken place in World Trade. 4. Arbitration Board to be reconstituted with members from buyers and sellers country and one to be inducted on the recommendation of ICA. . Arbitration to be held in the country of buyer. 6. Compensation to be paid due to supply of inferior quality cotton should be fixed on the bas is of nominal rate fixed by ICA from time to time. 7. Membership fees should be reduced to attract more individual members. 8. The Spinning sector offers lower interest rate on long term and working capital. 9. The compensation as well the benefit package will restrain the employees to leave their assignment and go for any employee movement for higher benefit packages. 0. The Sector should prosper in a situation of political stability and a congenial business environment. Political turmoil and the disturbance are bad for the economy and so also for us. So, Proper steps should be taken by the government to keep this sector free from politics. Finally, the project should be equipped with world’s modern and latest machinery and  Ã‚  Ã‚  technology to cope with the pace in harmony with modern textile world. The Company should situate at a high land where less record of flood.The factory building should have strong RCC foundation, RCC floor, pre-fabricated steel structure to wit hstand wind, storm, rain etc. along with good drainage facility. 5. 2: Conclusion Sophisticated technology and high thought laboratories have been introduce in the production process, which brought new dimension in the purchasing, procuring, storing and maintaining supplies and inventories. The improved transportation and communication as well as competitors threat has made the issue more challenging and competitive. Thus, the usage and need for supply chain management are increasing dramatically.Further, global competitions require the companies’ continuous response to the customer with new products and replace those that become obsolescence, for these reason companies are combating to find new suppliers and building strong and long-term relationship with them. Hence, managers must have to very rational, logical and sensitive in designing and implementing proper supply chain management in order fight and compete against competitors and attaining organizational goals. Before selecting a supplier, a firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product.Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been select, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. Supply chains can influence demand by using pricing and other forms of promotion. Marketing and sales often make the promotion and pricing decisions and they typically make them with the objective of maximizing revenue. Pricing decisions based on revenue considerations often result in a decrease in overall profitability Chapter six: Reference References:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Krajewski and Ritzman, Operations Management- strategy and analysis, 6th Edition ? Sunil Chopra, and Peter Meindl, Supply Chain Management- strategy, planning and operation, 2nd Edition ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Khan ;amp; jain(20 04), Financial Management-text ;amp; Problem,3rd edition, p. g 4. 1-4. 57 ? Prospectus of ATM, published on 18 September-2008. ?   http://www. itwm. fraunhofer. de/zentral/download/berichte/bericht26. pdf. ?   http://bgmea. com. bd/index. php? option=com_content;amp;task=view;amp;id=12;amp;Itemid=26 ? www. atmbd. com prospectus ?   http://66. 102. 1. 104/scholar? hl=en;amp;lr=;amp;q=cache:OKTGNo7eptwJ:unnayan. rg/Solidarity_Forum/Spinning_the_Chain_Lost_in_the_Queue. pdf+spinning+sector+of+Bangladesh Chapter Seven: Bibliography 7. 1: Bibliography A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh:Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By  Abu Zafour : Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) Published 19 October 2009. By Kazi Anwarul Masud: istudy of Bangladesh Economy- Problems ;amp; Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010, the economic philosophy of textile ind ustries in Bangladesh.Draft final report on the situation of Bangladesh silk Industry-By The dyeing and finishing. Graham Heaslip: Strategy, Planning and Operation of textile Industries (School of Business and Humanities) 2007. Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng : â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries† (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) Pankage Chandra: â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,† in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007. Professor of Operations ;amp; Technology Management)Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. Prof. Atanu Ghosh : â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry – Some Tips†Ã‚  was  published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. Regarding textile industries SCM practices. Stanton, J, Willian, Michael J Etzel ;amp; Bruce J Walker, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGrow Hill, intentional Book Company, London. Chapter Eight: Appendices Questionnaire for the members participating in inbound activitiesDear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on the topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt. Ltd. : A critical analysis† for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. Please give your agreement about flowing question carefully and give your answer. 1. What is the SCM system in this company? 2. What is the SCM managing policy? 3. What is the importance of IT in SCM in textile? . What is raw material used by ATM? Types of raw material? 5. Import of raw material. 6. How do you select suppliers and who are the supplie rs? 7. Which are Banks involved in Import? 8. Process of raw material. 9. Is there any Safety management in production? If, yes, how? 10. Spare parts used in production 11. How is yarn constructed by this company? 12. Spinning system of this mill. 13. Weaving system of this mill. 14. Does Company maintain a good working environment? If yes why? 15. Does the company timely pay salary? 16. Inter-communication system among the department of the company. 7. Are all the SCM members co-operating to each other? 18. All the SCM members are contributing in creating companies goodwill. 19. Supplier supply materials properly. 20. Is Storage capacity of the company enough? 21. Does Company maintain proper inventory management? 22. Does The Company train the SCM members in adapting new equipment? 23. Are you satisfied about the company’s performance? Questionnaire for customer Dear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on th e topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt.Ltd. : A critical analysis† for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. (Please indicate your satisfaction level about companies’ activities. ) 1. How much satisfied about companies’ communication system? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 2. What is your opinion about price of the product? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 3. Satisfaction level about quality maintaining of the company. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 4. Satisfaction level of product delivery time. i) Ve ry dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 5. Providing transportation facilities of the company is? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 6. How much satisfied about compensation of defect product claim Maintaining? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 7. Customer and company co-relationship level is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 8.Supply of product in the market is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 9. Satisfaction about the availability Product varieties in market? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisf ied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 10. Satisfaction level regarding order receiving system. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied